dkpro-cassis

DKPro cassis (pronunciation: [ka.sis]) provides a pure-Python implementation of the Common Analysis System (CAS) as defined by the UIMA framework. The CAS is a data structure representing an object to be enrichted with annotations (the co-called Subject of Analysis, short SofA).

This library enables the creation and manipulation of CAS objects and their associated type systems as well as loading and saving CAS objects in the CAS XMI XML representation in Python programs. This can ease in particular the integration of Python-based Natural Language Processing (e.g. spacy or NLTK) and Machine Learning librarys (e.g. scikit-learn or Keras) in UIMA-based text analysis workflows.

An example of cassis in action is the spacy recommender for INCEpTION, which wraps the spacy NLP library as a web service which can be used in conjunction with the INCEpTION text annotation platform to automatically generate annotation suggestions.

Features

Currently supported features are:

Text SofAs
Deserializing/serializing UIMA CAS from/to XMI
Deserializing/serializing type systems from/to XML
Selecting annotations, selecting covered annotations, adding annotations
Type inheritance
Multiple SofA support

Some features are still under development, e.g.

feature encoding as XML elements (right now only XML attributes work)
proper type checking
XML/XMI schema validation
type unmarshalling from string to the actual type specified in the type system
reference, array and list features

Installation

To install the package with pip, just run

pip install dkpro-cassis

Usage

Example CAS XMI and types system files can be found under tests\test_files.

Loading a CAS

A CAS can be deserialized from XMI either by reading from a file or string using load_cas_from_xmi.

from cassis import *

with open('typesystem.xml', 'rb') as f:
    typesystem = load_typesystem(f)

with open('cas.xml', 'rb') as f:
   cas = load_cas_from_xmi(f, typesystem=typesystem)

Adding annotations

Given a type system with a type cassis.Token that has an id and pos feature, annotations can be added in the following:

from cassis import *

with open('typesystem.xml', 'rb') as f:
    typesystem = load_typesystem(f)

with open('cas.xml', 'rb') as f:
    cas = load_cas_from_xmi(f, typesystem=typesystem)

Token = typesystem.get_type('cassis.Token')

tokens = [
    Token(begin=0, end=3, id='0', pos='NNP'),
    Token(begin=4, end=10, id='1', pos='VBD'),
    Token(begin=11, end=14, id='2', pos='IN'),
    Token(begin=15, end=18, id='3', pos='DT'),
    Token(begin=19, end=24, id='4', pos='NN'),
    Token(begin=25, end=26, id='5', pos='.'),
]

for token in tokens:
    cas.add_annotation(token)

Selecting annotations

from cassis import *

with open('typesystem.xml', 'rb') as f:
    typesystem = load_typesystem(f)

with open('cas.xml', 'rb') as f:
    cas = load_cas_from_xmi(f, typesystem=typesystem)

for sentence in cas.select('cassis.Sentence'):
    for token in cas.select_covered('cassis.Token', sentence):
        print(cas.get_covered_text(token))

        # Annotation values can be accessed as properties
        print('Token: begin={0}, end={1}, id={2}, pos={3}'.format(token.begin, token.end, token.id, token.pos))

Creating types and adding features

from cassis import *

typesystem = TypeSystem()

parent_type = typesystem.create_type(name='example.ParentType')
typesystem.add_feature(type_=parent_type, name='parentFeature', rangeTypeName='String')

child_type = typesystem.create_type(name='example.ChildType', supertypeName=parent_type.name)
typesystem.add_feature(type_=child_type, name='childFeature', rangeTypeName='Integer')

annotation = child_type(parentFeature='parent', childFeature='child')

When adding new features, these changes are propagated. For example, adding a feature to a parent type makes it available to a child type. Therefore, the type system does not need to be frozen for consistency.

Sofa support

A Sofa represents some form of an unstructured artifact that is processed in a UIMA pipeline. It contains for instance the document text. Currently, new Sofas can be created. This is automatically done when creating a new view. Basic properties of the Sofa can be read and written:

cas = Cas()
cas.sofa_string = "Joe waited for the train . The train was late ."
cas.sofa_mime = "text/plain"

print(cas.sofa_string)
print(cas.sofa_mime)

Managing views

A view into a CAS contains a subset of feature structures and annotations. One view corresponds to exactly one Sofa. It can also be used to query and alter information about the Sofa, e.g. the document text. Annotations added to one view are not visible in another view. A view Views can be created and changed. A view has the same methods and attributes as a Cas .

from cassis import *

with open('typesystem.xml', 'rb') as f:
    typesystem = load_typesystem(f)
Token = typesystem.get_type('cassis.Token')

# This creates automatically the view `_InitialView`
cas = Cas()
cas.sofa_string = "I like cheese ."

cas.add_annotations([
    Token(begin=0, end=1),
    Token(begin=2, end=6),
    Token(begin=7, end=13),
    Token(begin=14, end=15)
])

print([cas.get_covered_text(x) for x in cas.select_all()])

# Create a new view and work on it.
view = cas.create_view('testView')
view.sofa_string = "I like blackcurrant ."

view.add_annotations([
    Token(begin=0, end=1),
    Token(begin=2, end=6),
    Token(begin=7, end=19),
    Token(begin=20, end=21)
])

print([view.get_covered_text(x) for x in view.select_all()])

Development

The required dependencies are managed by pip. A virtual environment containing all needed packages for development and production can be created and activated by

virtualenv venv --python=python3 --no-site-packages
sourve venv/bin/activate
pip install -e ".[test, dev, doc]"

The tests can be run in the current environment by invoking

make test

or in a clean environment via

tox

TalnUPF/dkpro-cassis