Pre-Work
Kubernetes
Bitnami now provides Kubernetes Training, and we would love to see you there. Please follow the guide below to ensure that you are ready to go for our Kubernetes training. Interested in attending one of our public trainings, or reserving a private training for your team? Check out our latest schedule or contact us on our training page. Discovering Kubernetes with Bitnami
Day 1
Minikube
Minikube is a tool that makes it easy to run Kubernetes locally. Minikube runs a single-node Kubernetes cluster inside a VM on your laptop for users looking to try out Kubernetes or develop with it day-to-day. Github
minikube start
minikube status
minikube ssh
minikube dashboard
minikube addons list
minukube addons enable dashboard
Create bitnami/mongodb via Dashboard
user@workstation:~$ minikube ssh
_ _
_ _ ( ) ( )
___ ___ (_) ___ (_)| |/') _ _ | |_ __
/' _ ` _ `\| |/' _ `\| || , < ( ) ( )| '_`\ /'__`\
| ( ) ( ) || || ( ) || || |\`\ | (_) || |_) )( ___/
(_) (_) (_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_) (_)`\___/'(_,__/'`\____)
$ docker ps | grep mongodb
cfc6d56bfc89 bitnami/mongodb "/app-entrypoint.sh …" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes k8s_mongodb_mongodb-698f9d9b7f-qjdh9_default_d325454c-b69b-11e8-b38d-08002736b0e9_0
d046557aea6d k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1 "/pause" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes k8s_POD_mongodb-698f9d9b7f-qjdh9_default_d325454c-b69b-11e8-b38d-08002736b0e9_0
effc8021d725 bitnami/mongodb "/app-entrypoint.sh …" 12 hours ago Up 12 hours k8s_kubeapps-mongodb_kubeapps-mongodb-649c64c44f-5llqh_kubeapps_115d7f9d-b63b-11e8-b38d-08002736b0e9_0
89bfa0fce567 k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1 "/pause" 12 hours ago Up 12 hours k8s_POD_kubeapps-mongodb-649c64c44f-5llqh_kubeapps_115d7f9d-b63b-11e8-b38d-08002736b0e9_0
$
Kubectl
The k8s.io/kubectl repo is used to track issues for the kubectl cli distributed with k8s.io/kubernetes. It also contains packages intended for use by client programs. Github
kubectl config get-contexts
kubectl config use-context minikube
kubectl config current-context
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl cluster-info --help
user@workstation:~$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
Kubernetes API
user@workstation:~$ kubectl proxy --port 8080 &
[1] 5642
Starting to serve on 127.0.0.1:8080
user@workstation:~$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/api
{
"kind": "APIVersions",
"versions": [
"v1"
],
"serverAddressByClientCIDRs": [
{
"clientCIDR": "0.0.0.0/0",
"serverAddress": "192.168.99.100:8443"
}
]
}user@workstation:~$
Kubernetes Objects
This page explains how Kubernetes objects are represented in the Kubernetes API, and how you can express them in .yaml format. Homepage
Kubernetes Pods
######
# Pods
######
kubectl create -f resources/mongo-pod.yaml
kubectl get pods
## Labels
kubectl label pods mongo foo=bar
kubectl get pods --show-labels
kubectl get pods -l foo=bar
kubectl get pods -Lfoo
user@workstation:~$ kubectl get deploy
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-slave 1 1 1 1 12h
mongodb 1 1 1 1 39m
user@workstation:~$ kubectl delete deploy
error: resource(s) were provided, but no name, label selector, or --all flag specified
user@workstation:~$ kubectl delete deploy mongodb
deployment.extensions "mongodb" deleted
user@workstation:~$
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ mkdir resources
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ nano resources/mongo-pod.yaml
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ kubectl create -f resources/mongo-pod.yaml
pod/mongo created
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 4s
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 2m
user@workstation:~/bitnami$
Kubernetes Delete
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
drone 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 1m
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 8m
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ kubectl delete deploy drone
Error from server (NotFound): deployments.extensions "drone" not found
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ kubectl delete pod drone
pod "drone" deleted
user@workstation:~/bitnami$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 10m
user@workstation:~/bitnami$
Kubernetes Labels
## Labels
kubectl label pods mongo foo=bar
kubectl get pods --show-labels
kubectl get pods -l foo=bar
kubectl get pods -Lfoo
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl label pods mongo version=0.1
pod/mongo labeled
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h app=redis,chart=redis-3.10.0,controller-revision-hash=foppish-jackal-redis-master-d7bdfc5b6,release=foppish-jackal,role=master,statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=foppish-jackal-redis-master-0
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h app=redis,chart=redis-3.10.0,pod-template-hash=146492639,release=foppish-jackal,role=slave
mongo 1/1 Running 0 15m version=0.1
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods -l version=0.1
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
mongo 1/1 Running 0 16m
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods -L version
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE VERSION
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 16m 0.1
Kubernetes ReplicaSet
#############
# ReplicaSets
#############
kubectl create -f resources/nginx-rs.yaml
kubectl scale rs nginx --replicas=5
kubectl get pods --watch
# Delete a pod and observe
kubectl get pods
kubectl delete pod $(kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') && kubectl get pods --watch
kubectl delete rs nginx
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl create -f resources/nginx-rs.yaml
replicaset.extensions/nginx created
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 26m
nginx-cm6z5 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 7s
nginx-pd27d 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 7s
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl scale rs nginx --replicas=5
replicaset.extensions/nginx scaled
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 27m
nginx-cm6z5 1/1 Running 0 1m
nginx-j4lf9 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s
nginx-pd27d 1/1 Running 0 1m
nginx-r55rm 1/1 Running 0 6s
nginx-r856s 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl delete rs nginx
replicaset.extensions "nginx" deleted
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 31m
nginx-b889q 0/1 Terminating 0 2m
nginx-j4lf9 0/1 Terminating 0 4m
nginx-pd27d 0/1 Terminating 0 5m
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$
Kubernetes Deployment
#############
# Deployments
#############
kubectl create -f resources/nginx-deployment.yaml
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=4
kubectl get pods --watch
kubectl set image deployment nginx nginx=bitnami/nginx:1.14.0-r49 --all
kubectl get rs --watch
kubectl get pods --watch
kubectl edit deployment nginx
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
namespace: default
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
revisionHistoryLimit: 2
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
replicas: 2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- image: bitnami/nginx
name: nginx
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 8080
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl create -f resources/nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.extensions/nginx created
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=4
deployment.extensions/nginx scaled
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 12h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 12h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 42m
nginx-858d9d4fff-flj22 1/1 Running 0 16s
nginx-858d9d4fff-ltqb4 1/1 Running 0 5s
nginx-858d9d4fff-vqkr5 1/1 Running 0 16s
nginx-858d9d4fff-wcz76 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 5s
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl set image deployment nginx nginx=bitnami/nginx:1.14.0-r49 --all
deployment.extensions/nginx image updated
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get rs --watch
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f 1 1 1 13h
nginx-858d9d4fff 3 3 3 2m
nginx-86f798ff45 2 2 0 5s
...
Kubernetes Deployment Rollback
# Rollbacks
kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record
kubectl get deployments dokuwiki -o yaml
kubectl set image deployment/dokuwiki dokuwiki=bitnami/dokuwiki:09 --all
kubectl rollout history deployment/dokuwiki
kubectl get pods
kubectl rollout undo deployment/dokuwiki
kubectl rollout history deployment/dokuwiki
kubectl delete deploy dokuwiki
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record
deployment.apps/dokuwiki created
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get deployments dokuwiki -o yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
annotations:
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
kubernetes.io/change-cause: kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record=true
creationTimestamp: 2018-09-12T16:30:16Z
generation: 1
labels:
run: dokuwiki
name: dokuwiki
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "13646"
selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/dokuwiki
uid: 217532a5-b6a9-11e8-b38d-08002736b0e9
spec:
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
run: dokuwiki
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable: 25%
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
run: dokuwiki
spec:
containers:
- image: bitnami/dokuwiki
imagePullPolicy: Always
name: dokuwiki
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always
schedulerName: default-scheduler
securityContext: {}
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status:
conditions:
- lastTransitionTime: 2018-09-12T16:30:16Z
lastUpdateTime: 2018-09-12T16:30:16Z
message: Deployment does not have minimum availability.
reason: MinimumReplicasUnavailable
status: "False"
type: Available
- lastTransitionTime: 2018-09-12T16:30:16Z
lastUpdateTime: 2018-09-12T16:30:16Z
message: ReplicaSet "dokuwiki-774cb5b777" is progressing.
reason: ReplicaSetUpdated
status: "True"
type: Progressing
observedGeneration: 1
replicas: 1
unavailableReplicas: 1
updatedReplicas: 1
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl set image deployment/dokuwiki dokuwiki=bitnami/dokuwiki:09 --all
deployment.extensions/dokuwiki image updated
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl rollout history deployment/dokuwiki
deployments "dokuwiki"
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1 kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record=true
2 kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record=true
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dokuwiki-67c99b5f8-5hp5q 0/1 ErrImagePull 0 46s
dokuwiki-774cb5b777-dkb9v 1/1 Running 0 2m
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 13h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 13h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 56m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-4chsb 1/1 Running 0 11m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-fwfcs 1/1 Running 0 11m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-m2hvb 1/1 Running 0 11m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-vd7t2 1/1 Running 0 11m
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl rollout undo deployment/dokuwiki
deployment.extensions/dokuwiki
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl rollout history deployment/dokuwiki
deployments "dokuwiki"
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
2 kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record=true
3 kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record=true
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl set image deployment/dokuwiki dokuwiki=bitnami/dokuwiki:09 --all --record
deployment.extensions/dokuwiki image updated
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl rollout history deployment/dokuwiki
deployments "dokuwiki"
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
3 kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record=true
4 kubectl set image deployment/dokuwiki dokuwiki=bitnami/dokuwiki:09 --all=true --record=true
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dokuwiki-67c99b5f8-vhwng 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 31s
dokuwiki-774cb5b777-dkb9v 1/1 Running 0 6m
dokuwiki09-76cc4f5488-twwdt 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 2m
foppish-jackal-redis-master-0 1/1 Running 0 13h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave-58b8f6b7f-hrm6p 1/1 Running 1 13h
mongo 1/1 Running 0 59m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-4chsb 1/1 Running 0 14m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-fwfcs 1/1 Running 0 14m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-m2hvb 1/1 Running 0 14m
nginx-5c6cb7bc9f-vd7t2 1/1 Running 0 14m
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl rollout undo deployment/dokuwiki
deployment.extensions/dokuwiki
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl rollout history deployment/dokuwiki
deployments "dokuwiki"
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
4 kubectl set image deployment/dokuwiki dokuwiki=bitnami/dokuwiki:09 --all=true --record=true
5 kubectl run dokuwiki --image=bitnami/dokuwiki --record=true
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$
Kubernetes Tips and Tricks
$ kubectl config view
$ kubectl config use-context
$ kubectl annotate
$ kubectl label
$ kubectl create -f ./<DIR>
$ kubectl create -f <URL>
$ kubectl edit ...
$ kubectl proxy ...
$ kubectl exec ...
$ kubectl logs ...
$ kubectl get pods,svc,deployments
$ kubectl --v=99 ...
$ kubectl describe ...
Kubernetes Services
##########
# Services
##########
kubectl create -f resources/nginx-svc.yaml
kubectl get svc
kubectl delete -f resources/nginx-svc.yaml
kubectl expose deployment/nginx --port=8080 --name=http --type=NodePort
kubectl get svc
curl http://$(minikube ip):$(kubectl get svc nginx -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}')
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl create -f resources/nginx-svc.yaml
service/nginx created
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master ClusterIP 10.109.196.105 <none> 6379/TCP 13h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave ClusterIP 10.110.149.112 <none> 6379/TCP 13h
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 14h
nginx ClusterIP 10.111.72.167 <none> 80/TCP 4s
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl delete -f resources/nginx-svc.yaml
service "nginx" deleted
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl expose deployment/nginx --port=8080 --name=http --type=NodePort
service/http exposed
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
foppish-jackal-redis-master ClusterIP 10.109.196.105 <none> 6379/TCP 13h
foppish-jackal-redis-slave ClusterIP 10.110.149.112 <none> 6379/TCP 13h
http NodePort 10.101.117.205 <none> 8080:30522/TCP 4s
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 14h
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$ curl http://$(minikube ip):$(kubectl get svc nginx -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}')
Error from server (NotFound): services "nginx" not found
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 192.168.99.100 port 80: Connection refused
user@workstation:~/bitnami/intel-training-1$