printf

Description

The printf function sends formatted output to stdout. A custom _printf() for learning purposes was developed by cohort 6 students Efrem Yematawork and Tsion Zerihun.

_printf() function format string is a character string, beginning and ending in its initial shift state, if any. These arguments are placed using the percentage '%' operator

Resources

Authorized functions and macros

write (man 2 write) malloc (man 3 malloc) free (man 3 free) va_start (man 3 va_start) va_end (man 3 va_end) va_copy (man 3 va_copy) va_arg (man 3 va_arg)

Compilation

The code must be compiled this way:

*$ gcc -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic .c

As a consequence, be careful not to push any c file containing a main function in the root directory of your project (you could have a test folder containing all your tests files including main functions)

The main files will include your main header file (main.h): #include main.h

Use & Examples

Prototype: int _printf(const char *format, ...); Use - General: _printf("format string", var1, var2, ...);

Examples:

Basic String: _printf("%s Alx", "Hello");`
- Output: Hello Alx
Print integers: _printf("This is an array element: arr[%d]:%c", 32, arr[32]);`
- Output: This is an array element arr[32]:A

Many other specifiers and flags were added and by combinig those the _printf() function generate a different ouput. The following list are the specifiers and flags allowed.

Use & Examples

Specifiers

Specifier	Output	Examples
`c`	Character	y
`d` or `i`	Signed integer	1024, -1024
`s`	String of characters	Hello Holberton
`b`	Binary Representation of unsigned integer	01010110
`u`	Unsigned integer	1024
`o`	Unsigned octal	432
`x`	Unsigned hexadecimal integer	3ca
`X`	Unsigned hexadecimal integer (uppercase)	3CA
`S`	String with hex-ascii value replacing special chars	\x0A\x0A
`p`	Pointer address	0x403212
`r`	Reversed string of characters	dlroW olleH
`R`	ROT13 Translation of string	Uryyb

Flags (In development...)

Flag	Description
`-`	Left-justify the output within the field width that was given; Right justification is the default (see width sub-specifier).
`+`	Preceeds the result with a plus or minus sign (`+` or `-`) even for positive numbers. By default, only negative numbers are preceded with a `-` sign.
`(space)`	If no sign is going to be written, a blank space is inserted before the value.
`#`	Used with `o`, `x` or `X` specifiers the value is preceeded with 0, 0x or 0X respectively for values different than zero.
`0`	Left-pads the number with zeroes (`0`) instead of spaces when padding is specified (see width sub-specifier).

Width (In development...)

Width	Description
`(number)`	Minimum number of characters to be printed. If the value to be printed is shorter than this number, the result is padded with blank spaces. The value is not truncated even if the result is larger.
`*`	The width is not specified in the format string, but as an additional integer value argument preceding the argument that has to be formatted.

Precision (In development...)

.Precision Description

.(number) For integer specifiers (d, i, o, u, x, X): precision specifies the minimum number of digits to be written. If the value to be written is shorter than this number, the result is padded with leading zeros. The value is not truncated even if the result is longer. A precision of 0 means that no character is written for the value 0. For s: this is the maximum number of characters to be printed. By default all characters are printed until the ending null character is encountered. If the period is specified without an explicit value for precision, 0 is assumed.

.Precision	Description
`.(number)`	For integer specifiers (`d`, `i`, `o`, `u`, `x`, `X`): precision specifies the minimum number of digits to be written. If the value to be written is shorter than this number, the result is padded with leading zeros. The value is not truncated even if the result is longer. A precision of 0 means that no character is written for the value 0. For `s`: this is the maximum number of characters to be printed. By default all characters are printed until the ending null character is encountered. If the period is specified without an explicit value for precision, 0 is assumed.

Lenght modifiers (In development...)

Modifier/Specifier	`d` & `i`	`u`, `o`, `x`, `X`	`c`	`s`	`p`
`none`	int	unsigned int	int	char pointer	void pointer
`h`	short int	unsigned short int
`l`	long int	unsigned long int

Files contained in this repository

Name	Information	Relevant Files
`man_3_printf`	Man page of the _printf() function.	`None`
`holberton.h`	Header file with the data type struct, standard libraries and custom prototypes.	`*.c compilation`
`_printf.c`	Main printf function file. Calls other functions.	`printf_(name of var).c file`
`printf_37.c`	Contains percentage print function.	`None`
`printf_int.c`	Contains decimal and integer functions.	`None`
`printf_char.c`	Custom function for char data type.	`None`
`printf_sting.c`	Function that calls string type variable.	`None`
`printf_bin.c`	Function that gets the binary	`None`
`printf_oct.c`	Functions that returns octal number.	`None`
`printf_hex.c`	Calls hexadecimal numbers (lowercase).	`None`
`printf_HEX.c`	Calls hexadecimal numbers (Uppercase).	`None`
`printf_unsigned.c`	Returns an unisgined data type.	`None`
`printf_hex_aux.c`	Auxiliar function for hexadecimal specific functions (lowercase).	`printf_exclusive_string.c`
`printf_HEX_aux.c`	Auxiliar function hexadecimal specific functions (Uppercase).	`printf_p.c`
`printf_exclusive_string.c`	Returns a string and non readable characters are printed in hexadecimal numbers (Lowercase).	`printf_hex_aux.c`
`printf_srev.c`	Returns a string in reverse.	`None`
`printf_rot13.c`	Returns a string in Rot13.	`None`
`printf_str.c`	Auxiliar functions such as strlen and strcpy.	`None`
`_putchar.c`	Custom putchar function.	`None`

Tasks required for this project

I am not going anywhere. You can print that wherever you want to. I'm here and I am a Spur for life1. I am not going anywhere. You can print that wherever you want to. I'm here and I am a Spur for life.

Write a function that produces output according to a format. Handle the following conversion specifiers:

Education is when you read the fine print. Experience is what you get if you dont

Handle the following conversion specifiers:

With a face like mine, I do better in print

Handle the following conversion specifiers:

What one has not experienced, one will never understand in print

Handle the following conversion specifiers:

Nothing in fine print is ever good news

Use a local buffer of 1024 chars in order to call write as little as possible.

My weakness is wearing too much leopard print

Handle the following custom conversion specifier:

S : prints the string.
Non printable characters (0 < ASCII value < 32 or >= 127) are printed this way: \x, followed by the ASCII code value in hexadecimal (upper case - always 2 characters).

How is the world ruled and led to war? Diplomats lie to journalists and believe these lies when they see them in print

Handle the following conversion specifier: p

The big print gives and the small print takes away

Handle the following flag characters for non-custom conversion specifiers:

´+´
space
´#´

Sarcasm is lost in print

Handle the following length modifiers for non-custom conversion specifiers:

l
h Conversion specifiers to handle: d, i, u, o, x, X

Print some money and give it to us for the rain forests

Handle the field width for non-custom conversion specifiers.

The negative is the equivalent of the composer's score, and the print the performance

Handle the precision for non-custom conversion specifiers.

It's depressing when you're still around and your albums are out of print

Handle the 0 flag character for non-custom conversion specifiers.

Every time that I wanted to give up, if I saw an interesting textile, print what ever, suddenly I would see a collection

Handle the - flag character for non-custom conversion specifiers.

Print is the sharpest and the strongest weapon of our party

Handle the following custom conversion specifier:

r : prints the reversed string

The flood of print has turned reading into a process of gulping rather than savoring

Handle the following custom conversion specifier:

R: prints the rot13'ed string

All the above options work well together.

Authors ©

Efrem Yematawork
Tsion Zerihun

TsionZerihun/printf

printf

Description

Resources

Authorized functions and macros

Compilation

Use & Examples

Use & Examples

Specifiers

Flags (In development...)

Width (In development...)

Precision (In development...)

Lenght modifiers (In development...)

Files contained in this repository

Tasks required for this project

I am not going anywhere. You can print that wherever you want to. I'm here and I am a Spur for life1. I am not going anywhere. You can print that wherever you want to. I'm here and I am a Spur for life.

Education is when you read the fine print. Experience is what you get if you dont

With a face like mine, I do better in print

What one has not experienced, one will never understand in print

Nothing in fine print is ever good news

My weakness is wearing too much leopard print

How is the world ruled and led to war? Diplomats lie to journalists and believe these lies when they see them in print

The big print gives and the small print takes away

Sarcasm is lost in print

Print some money and give it to us for the rain forests

The negative is the equivalent of the composer's score, and the print the performance

It's depressing when you're still around and your albums are out of print

Every time that I wanted to give up, if I saw an interesting textile, print what ever, suddenly I would see a collection

Print is the sharpest and the strongest weapon of our party

The flood of print has turned reading into a process of gulping rather than savoring

*

Authors ©