A collection of awesome lists, manuals, blogs, hacks, one-liners, cli/web tools and more.
๐ What is it?
This list is a collection of various materials that I use every day in my work. It contains a lot of useful information gathered in one piece.
๐ป For whom?
It is intended for everyone and anyone - especially for System and Network Administrators, DevOps, Pentesters or Security Researchers.
โน๏ธ Contributing
A few simple rules for this project:
- inviting and clear
- not tiring
- useful
These below rules may be better:
- easy to contribute to (Markdown + HTML ...)
- easy to find (simple TOC, maybe it's worth extending them?)
Url marked * is temporary unavailable. Please don't delete it without confirming that it has permanently expired.
Before add pull request please see this. All suggestions/PR are welcome!
๐ Support
If this project is useful and important for you or if you really like the-book-of-secret-knowledge, you can bring me more positive energy, give me some good words or support my ethereum/bitcoin wallets maybe. Thank you!
โ๏ธ Todo
- Add useful shell functions
- Add one-liners for collection tools (eg. CLI Tools)
๐ข Table of Contents
Only main chapters:
- CLI Tools
- GUI Tools
- Web Tools
- Systems/Services
- Networks
- Manuals/Howtos/Tutorials
- Awesome Lists
- Blogs
- Hacking/Penetration Testing
- Your daily knowledge and news
- Other Cheat Sheets
- One-liners
๐ฑ The Book of Secret Knowledge (Chapters)
[TOC]
CLI Toolsโช๏ธ Shells
๐ธ Oh My ZSH! - the best framework for managing your Zsh configuration.
๐ธ Oh My Fish - the Fishshell framework.
โช๏ธ Managers
๐ธ Midnight Commander - visual file manager, licensed under GNU General Public License.
โช๏ธ Text editors
๐ธ emacs - an extensible, customizable, free/libre text editor - and more.
โช๏ธ Network
๐ธ mtr - functionality of the 'traceroute' and 'ping' programs in a single network diagnostic tool.
๐ธ netcat - networking utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using the TCP/IP protocol.
โช๏ธ Network (DNS)
๐ธ sublist3r - fast subdomains enumeration tool for penetration testers.
โช๏ธ Network (HTTP)
๐ธ htrace.sh - shell script to debugging http/https; ssllabs, mozilla observatory, testssl.sh and nmap nse support.
๐ธ Lynx - is a text browser for the World Wide Web.
๐ธ gobench - http/https load testing and benchmarking tool.
๐ธ gobuster - free and open source directory/file & DNS busting tool written in Go.
โช๏ธ SSL/Security
๐ธ gnutls-cli - client program to set up a TLS connection to some other computer.
๐ธ sslscan - tests SSL/TLS enabled services to discover supported cipher suites.
๐ธ mkcert - simple zero-config tool to make locally trusted development certificates with any names you'd like.
โช๏ธ Auditing Tools
๐ธ Lynis - battle-tested security tool for systems running Linux, macOS, or Unix-based operating system.
๐ธ LinEnum - scripted Local Linux Enumeration & Privilege Escalation Checks.
โช๏ธ System Diagnostics/Debuggers
๐ธ sysdig - system exploration and troubleshooting tool with first class support for containers.
๐ธ glances - cross-platform system monitoring tool written in Python.
๐ธ atop - ASCII performance monitor. Includes statistics for CPU, memory, disk, swap, network, and processes.
๐ธ lsof - displays in its output information about files that are opened by processes.
๐ธ hexyl - a command-line hex viewer.
โช๏ธ Log Analyzers
โช๏ธ Databases
โช๏ธ TOR
โช๏ธ Other
๐ธ GRV - is a terminal based interface for viewing Git repositories.
[TOC]
GUI Toolsโช๏ธ Terminal emulators
โช๏ธ Network
โช๏ธ Browsers
โช๏ธ Password Managers
๐ธ KeePassXC - store your passwords safely and auto-type them into your everyday websites and apps.
๐ธ Enpass - password manager and secure wallet.
โช๏ธ Messengers (end-to-end encryption)
๐ธ Wire - secure messaging, file sharing, voice calls and video conferences. All protected with end-to-end encryption.
โช๏ธ Text editors
[TOC]
Web Toolsโช๏ธ Browsers
๐ธ Can I use - provides up-to-date browser support tables for support of front-end web technologies.
โช๏ธ SSL/Security
๐ธ Report URI - monitoring security policies like CSP and HPKP.
๐ธ CSP Evaluator - allows developers and security experts to check if a Content Security Policy.
๐ธ badssl.com - memorable site for testing clients against bad SSL configs.
๐ธ tlsfun.de - registered for various tests regarding the TLS/SSL protocol.
โช๏ธ HTTP Headers & Web Linters
โช๏ธ DNS
๐ธ DNSdumpster - dns recon & research, find & lookup dns records.
๐ธ xip.ip - wildcard DNS for everyone.
๐ธ intoDNS - DNS and mail server health checker.
โช๏ธ Mail
๐ธ MultiRBL - complete IP check for sending Mailservers.
โช๏ธ Net-tools
๐ธ Netcraft - detailed report about the site, helping you to make informed choices about their integrity.
๐ธ Ping.eu - online Ping, Traceroute, DNS lookup, WHOIS and others.
๐ธ RegExr - online tool to learn, build, & test Regular Expressions (RegEx / RegExp).
โช๏ธ Privacy
โช๏ธ Code parsers/playgrounds
๐ธ ShellCheck - finds bugs in your shell scripts.
๐ธ explainshell - get interactive help texts for shell commands.
๐ธ PHP Sandbox - test your PHP code with this code tester.
โช๏ธ Performance
๐ธ Pingdom Tools - analyze your siteโs speed around the world.
๐ธ PingMe.io - run website latency tests across multiple geographic regions.
โช๏ธ Mass scanners (search engines)
๐ธ Shodan 2000 - do you use Shodan for everyday work? This tool looks for randomly generated data from Shodan.
๐ธ GreyNoise - mass scanner such as Shodan and Censys.
๐ธ FOFA - is a cyberspace search engine.
๐ธ Vigilante.pw - the breached database directory.
โช๏ธ Passwords
โช๏ธ CVE/Exploits databases
๐ธ cxsecurity - free vulnerability database.
โช๏ธ Mobile apps scanners
๐ธ Quixxi - free Mobile App Vulnerability Scanner for Android & iOS.
โช๏ธ Private Search Engines
โช๏ธ Secure WebMail Providers
โช๏ธ Crypto
โช๏ธ PGP Keyservers
๐ธ SKS OpenPGP Key server - includes a highly-efficient reconciliation algorithm for keeping the keyservers synchronized.
[TOC]
Systems/Servicesโช๏ธ Operating Systems
๐ธ Slackware - the most "Unix-like" Linux distribution.
๐ธ Kali Linux - Linux distribution used for Penetration Testing, Ethical Hacking and network security assessments.
โช๏ธ HTTP(s) Services
๐ธ HAProxy - the reliable, high performance TCP/HTTP load balancer.
โช๏ธ Security/hardening
๐ธ maltrail - malicious traffic detection system.
[TOC]
Networksโช๏ธ Tools
โช๏ธ Labs
[TOC]
Manuals/Howtos/Tutorialsโช๏ธ Shells/Command line
๐ธ The Bash Hackers Wiki - hold documentation of any kind about GNU Bash.
โช๏ธ Python
โช๏ธ Sed & Awk & Other
โช๏ธ *nix & Network
โช๏ธ Large-scale systems
๐ธ The System Design Primer - learn how to design large-scale systems.
โช๏ธ System hardening
โช๏ธ Security & Privacy
๐ธ Rawsec's CyberSecurity Inventory - an inventory of tools and resources about CyberSecurity.
โช๏ธ Web Apps
๐ธ Enable CORS - enable cross-origin resource sharing.
โช๏ธ Other
๐ธ LZone Cheat Sheets - all cheat sheets.
๐ธ Bank Grade Security - when companies say they have "Bank Grade Security" they imply that it is a good thing.*
๐ธ BGP Meets Cat - after 3072 hours of manipulating BGP, Job Snijders has succeeded in drawing a Nyancat.
๐ธ How To Become A Hacker - if you want to be a hacker, keep reading.
๐ธ Operation Costs in CPU - an infographics which should help to estimate costs of certain operations in CPU clocks.
[TOC]
Awesome Listsโช๏ธ SysOps/DevOps
๐ธ Awesome Pcaptools - collection of tools developed by other researchers to process network traces.
๐ธ Linux Network Performance - learn where some of the network sysctl variables fit into the Linux/Kernel network flow.
๐ธ Awesome-Selfhosted - list of Free Software network services and web applications which can be hosted locally.
โช๏ธ Developers
๐ธ Front-End-Checklist - the perfect Front-End Checklist for modern websites and meticulous developers.
โช๏ธ Security/Pentesting
๐ธ awesome-cyber-skills - a curated list of hacking environments where you can train your cyber skills.
๐ธ Red-Teaming-Toolkit - a collection of open source and commercial tools that aid in red team operations.
๐ธ awesome-burp-extensions - a curated list of amazingly awesome Burp Extensions.
[TOC]
Blogsโช๏ธ Geeky Persons
๐ธ Nick Craver - Software Developer and Systems Administrator for Stack Exchange.
๐ธ Scott Helme - Security Researcher, international speaker and founder of securityheaders.com and report-uri.com.
๐ธ Binni Shah - Linux Evangelist. Malwares. Kernel Dev. Security Enthusiast.
๐ธ Kacper Szurek - Detection Engineer at ESET.
โช๏ธ Geeky Blogs
๐ธ Linux Audit - the Linux security blog about Auditing, Hardening and Compliance by Michael Boelen.
โช๏ธ A piece of history
[TOC]
Hacking/Penetration Testingโช๏ธ Pentesters arsenal tools
๐ธ w3af - is a Web Application Attack and Audit Framework.
๐ธ Faraday - an Integrated Multiuser Pentest Environment.
๐ธ ctf-tools - some setup scripts for security research tools.
๐ธ GDB PEDA - Python Exploit Development Assistance for GDB.
๐ธ IDA - multi-processor disassembler and debugger useful for reverse engineering malware.
๐ธ radare2 - framework for reverse-engineering and analyzing binaries.
๐ธ Vulnreport - open-source pentesting management and automation platform by Salesforce Product Security.
โช๏ธ Pentests bookmarks collection
๐ธ Brute XSS - master the art of Cross Site Scripting.
๐ธ Awesome Hacking by HackWithGithub - awesome lists for hackers, pentesters and security researchers.
๐ธ Awesome Pentest - collection of awesome penetration testing resources, tools and other shiny things.
โช๏ธ Bounty programs
๐ธ Bounty Factory - European bug bounty platform based on the legislation and rules in force in European countries.
๐ธ bugcrowd - crowdsourced cybersecurity for the enterprise.
โช๏ธ Web Training Apps (local installation)
๐ธ Security Ninjas - open source application security training program.
โช๏ธ Labs (ethical hacking platforms/trainings/CTFs)
๐ธ pwnable.kr - non-commercial wargame site which provides various pwn challenges regarding system exploitation.
๐ธ RingZer0 - tons of challenges designed to test and improve your hacking skills.
๐ธ Microcorruption - reversal challenges done in the web interface.
โช๏ธ Other resources
๐ธ Bugcrowd University - open source education content for the researcher community.
๐ธ OWASP Top 10: Real-World Examples - test your web apps with real-world examples (two-part series).
[TOC]
Your daily knowledge and newsโช๏ธ RSS Readers
โช๏ธ Security
๐ธ Security Newsletter - security news as a weekly digest (email notifications).
๐ธ DARKReading - connecting the Information Security Community.
๐ธ Sekurak - about security, penetration tests, vulnerabilities and many others (PL/EN).
[TOC]
Other Cheat SheetsBuild your own DNS Servers
๐ธ Knot Resolver on Fedora - how to get faster and more secure DNS resolution with Knot Resolver on Fedora.
๐ธ DNS-over-HTTPS - tutorial to setup your own DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server.
Build your own Certificate Authority
Build your own System/Virtual Machine
DNS Servers list (privacy)
IP | URL |
---|---|
84.200.69.80 |
dns.watch |
94.247.43.254 |
opennic.org |
64.6.64.6 |
verisign.com |
89.233.43.71 |
censurfridns.dk |
1.1.1.1 |
cloudflare.com |
94.130.110.185 |
dnsprivacy.at |
TOP Browser extensions
Extension name | Description |
---|---|
IPvFoo |
Display the server IP address and HTTPS information across all page elements. |
FoxyProxy |
Simplifies configuring browsers to access proxy-servers. |
HTTPS Everywhere |
Automatically use HTTPS security on many sites. |
uMatrix |
Point & click to forbid/allow any class of requests made by your browser. |
uBlock Origin |
An efficient blocker: easy on memory and CPU footprint. |
Session Buddy |
Manage browser tabs and bookmarks with ease. |
SuperSorter |
Sort bookmarks recursively, delete duplicates, merge folders and more. |
Clear Cache |
Clear your cache and browsing data. |
d3coder |
Encoding/Decoding plugin for various types of encoding. |
Web Developer |
Adds a toolbar button with various web developer tools. |
ThreatPinch Lookup |
Add threat intelligence hover tool tips. |
TOP Burp extensions
Extension name | Description |
---|---|
Autorize |
Automatically detects authorization enforcement. |
Reflection |
An efficient blocker: easy on memory and CPU footprint. |
Logger++ |
Logs requests and responses for all Burp tools in a sortable table. |
Bypass WAF |
Adds headers useful for bypassing some WAF devices. |
JSON Beautifier |
Beautifies JSON content in the HTTP message viewer. |
JSON Web Tokens |
Enables Burp to decode and manipulate JSON web tokens. |
CSP Auditor |
Displays CSP headers for responses, and passively reports CSP weaknesses. |
CSP-Bypass |
Passively scans for CSP headers that contain known bypasses.. |
Hackvertor |
Converts data using a tag-based configuration to apply various encoding. |
Active Scan++ |
Extends Burp's active and passive scanning capabilities. |
HTML5 Auditor |
Scans for usage of risky HTML5 features. |
Software Vulnerability Scanner |
Software vulnerability scanner based on Vulners.com audit API. |
[TOC]
One-linersTable of Contents
terminal
Tool:Reload shell without exit
exec $SHELL -l
Close shell keeping all subprocess running
disown -a && exit
Exit without saving shell history
kill -9 $$
unset HISTFILE && exit
Perform a branching conditional
true && echo success
false || echo failed
Pipe stdout and stderr to separate commands
some_command > >(/bin/cmd_for_stdout) 2> >(/bin/cmd_for_stderr)
Redirect stdout and stderr each to separate files and print both to the screen
(some_command 2>&1 1>&3 | tee errorlog ) 3>&1 1>&2 | tee stdoutlog
List of commands you use most often
history | \
awk '{CMD[$2]++;count++;}END { for (a in CMD)print CMD[a] " " CMD[a]/count*100 "% " a;}' | \
grep -v "./" | \
column -c3 -s " " -t | \
sort -nr | nl | head -n 20
Quickly backup a file
cp filename{,.orig}
Empty a file (truncate to 0 size)
>filename
Delete all files in a folder that don't match a certain file extension
rm !(*.foo|*.bar|*.baz)
Pass multi-line string to a file
# cat >filename ... - overwrite file
# cat >>filename ... - append to file
cat > filename << __EOF__
data data data
__EOF__
Edit a file on a remote host using vim
vim scp://user@host//etc/fstab
Create a directory and change into it at the same time
mkd() { mkdir -p "$@" && cd "$@"; }
Convert uppercase files to lowercase files
rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' *
Print a row of characters across the terminal
printf "%`tput cols`s" | tr ' ' '#'
Show shell history without line numbers
history | cut -c 8-
fc -l -n 1 | sed 's/^\s*//'
Run command(s) after exit session
cat > /etc/profile << __EOF__
_after_logout() {
username=$(whoami)
for _pid in $(ps afx | grep sshd | grep "$username" | awk '{print $1}') ; do
kill -9 $_pid
done
}
trap _after_logout EXIT
__EOF__
Generate a sequence of numbers
for ((i=1; i<=10; i+=2)) ; do echo $i ; done
# alternative: seq 1 2 10
for ((i=5; i<=10; ++i)) ; do printf '%02d\n' $i ; done
# alternative: seq -w 5 10
mount
Tool:Mount a temporary ram partition
mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt -o size=64M
-t
- filesystem type-o
- mount options
Remount a filesystem as read/write
mount -o remount,rw /
fuser
Tool:Kills a process that is locking a file
fuser -k filename
Show what PID is listening on specific port
fuser -v 53/udp
ps
Tool:Show a 4-way scrollable process tree with full details
ps awwfux | less -S
Processes per user counter
ps hax -o user | sort | uniq -c | sort -r
find
Tool:Find files that have been modified on your system in the past 60 minutes
find / -mmin 60 -type f
Find all files larger than 20M
find / -type f -size +20M
Find duplicate files (based on MD5 hash)
find -type f -exec md5sum '{}' ';' | sort | uniq --all-repeated=separate -w 33
Change permission only for files
cd /var/www/site && find . -type f -exec chmod 766 {} \;
cd /var/www/site && find . -type f -exec chmod 664 {} +
Change permission only for directories
cd /var/www/site && find . -type d -exec chmod g+x {} \;
cd /var/www/site && find . -type d -exec chmod g+rwx {} +
Find files and directories for specific user
find . -user <username> -print
Find files and directories for all without specific user
find . \!-user <username> -print
Delete older files than 60 days
find . -type f -mtime +60 -delete
Recursively remove all empty sub-directories from a directory
find . -depth -type d -empty -exec rmdir {} \;
How to find all hard links to a file
find </path/to/dir> -xdev -samefile filename
Recursively find the latest modified files
find . -type f -exec stat --format '%Y :%y %n' "{}" \; | sort -nr | cut -d: -f2- | head
top
Tool:Use top to monitor only all processes with the specific string
top -p $(pgrep -d , <str>)
<str>
- process containing str (eg. nginx, worker)
strace
Tool:Track child process
strace -f -p $(pidof glusterfsd)
Track process after 30 seconds
timeout 30 strace $(< /var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid)
Track child process and redirect output to a file
ps auxw | grep 'sbin/[a]pache' | awk '{print " -p " $2}' | xargs strace -o /tmp/strace-apache-proc.out
Track the open request of a network port
strace -f -e trace=bind nc -l 80
Track the open request of a network port (show TCP/UDP)
strace -f -e trace=network nc -lu 80
kill
Tool:Kill a process running on port
kill -9 $(lsof -i :<port> | awk '{l=$2} END {print l}')
diff
Tool:Compare two directory trees
diff <(cd directory1 && find | sort) <(cd directory2 && find | sort)
tail
Tool:Annotate tail -f with timestamps
tail -f file | while read ; do echo "$(date +%T.%N) $REPLY" ; done
Analyse an Apache access log for the most common IP addresses
tail -10000 access_log | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail
Analyse web server log and show only 5xx http codes
tail -n 100 -f /path/to/logfile | grep "HTTP/[1-2].[0-1]\" [5]"
tar
Tool:System backup with exclude specific directories
cd /
tar -czvpf /mnt/system$(date +%d%m%Y%s).tgz --directory=/ \
--exclude=proc/* --exclude=sys/* --exclude=dev/* --exclude=mnt/* .
System backup with exclude specific directories (pigz)
cd /
tar cvpf /backup/snapshot-$(date +%d%m%Y%s).tgz --directory=/ \
--exclude=proc/* --exclude=sys/* --exclude=dev/* \
--exclude=mnt/* --exclude=tmp/* --use-compress-program=pigz .
dump
Tool:System backup to file
dump -y -u -f /backup/system$(date +%d%m%Y%s).lzo /
Restore system from lzo file
cd /
restore -rf /backup/system$(date +%d%m%Y%s).lzo
cpulimit
Tool:Limit the cpu usage of a process
cpulimit -p pid -l 50
pwdx
Tool:Show current working directory of a process
pwdx <pid>
taskset
Tool:Start a command on only one CPU core
taskset -c 0 <command>
tr
Tool:Show directories in the PATH, one per line
tr : '\n' <<<$PATH
chmod
Tool:Remove executable bit from all files in the current directory
chmod -R -x+X *
Restore permission for /bin/chmod
# 1:
cp /bin/ls chmod.01
cp /bin/chmod chmod.01
./chmod.01 700 file
# 2:
/bin/busybox chmod 0700 /bin/chmod
# 3:
setfacl --set u::rwx,g::---,o::--- /bin/chmod
who
Tool:Find last reboot time
who -b
Detect a user sudo-su'd into the current shell
[[ $(who -m | awk '{ print $1 }') == $(whoami) ]] || echo "You are su-ed to $(whoami)"
last
Tool:Was the last reboot a panic?
(last -x -f $(ls -1t /var/log/wtmp* | head -2 | tail -1); last -x -f /var/log/wtmp) | grep -A1 reboot | head -2 | grep -q shutdown && echo "Expected reboot" || echo "Panic reboot"
screen
Tool:Start screen in detached mode
screen -d -m [<command>]
du
Tool:Show 20 biggest directories with 'K M G'
du | \
sort -r -n | \
awk '{split("K M G",v); s=1; while($1>1024){$1/=1024; s++} print int($1)" "v[s]"\t"$2}' | \
head -n 20
inotifywait
Tool:Init tool everytime a file in a directory is modified
while true ; do inotifywait -r -e MODIFY dir/ && ls dir/ ; done;
openssl
Tool:Testing connection to remote host
echo | openssl s_client -connect google.com:443 -showcerts
Testing connection to remote host (with SNI support)
echo | openssl s_client -showcerts -servername google.com -connect google.com:443
Testing connection to remote host with specific ssl version
openssl s_client -tls1_2 -connect google.com:443
Testing connection to remote host with specific ssl cipher
openssl s_client -cipher 'AES128-SHA' -connect google.com:443
Generate private key
# _len: 2048, 4096
( _fd="private.key" ; _len="4096" ; \
openssl genrsa -out ${_fd} ${_len} )
Generate private key with password
# _ciph: des3, aes128, aes256
# _len: 2048, 4096
( _ciph="aes128" ; _fd="private.key" ; _len="4096" ; \
openssl genrsa -${_ciph} -out ${_fd} ${_len} )
Remove password from private key
( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_unp="private_unp.key" ; \
openssl rsa -in ${_fd} -out ${_fd_unp} )
Get public key from private key
( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_pub="public.key" ; \
openssl rsa -pubout -in ${_fd} -out ${_fd_pub} )
Generate private key + csr
( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; _len="4096" ; \
openssl req -out ${_fd_csr} -new -newkey rsa:${_len} -nodes -keyout ${_fd} )
Generate csr
( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; \
openssl req -out ${_fd_csr} -new -key ${_fd} )
Generate csr (metadata from exist certificate)
( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; _fd_crt="cert.crt" ; \
openssl x509 -x509toreq -in ${_fd_crt} -out ${_fd_csr} -signkey ${_fd} )
Generate csr with -config param
( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; \
openssl req -new -sha256 -key ${_fd} -out ${_fd_csr} \
-config <(
cat <<-EOF
[req]
default_bits = 2048
prompt = no
default_md = sha256
req_extensions = req_ext
distinguished_name = dn
[ dn ]
C=<two-letter ISO abbreviation for your country>
ST=<state or province where your organization is legally located>
L=<city where your organization is legally located>
O=<legal name of your organization>
OU=<section of the organization>
CN=<fully qualified domain name>
[ req_ext ]
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = <fully qualified domain name>
DNS.2 = <next domain>
DNS.3 = <next domain>
EOF
))
Convert DER to PEM
( _fd_der="cert.crt" ; _fd_pem="cert.pem" ; \
openssl x509 -in ${_fd_der} -inform der -outform pem -out ${_fd_pem} )
Convert PEM to DER
( _fd_der="cert.crt" ; _fd_pem="cert.pem" ; \
openssl x509 -in ${_fd_pem} -outform der -out ${_fd_der} )
Checking whether the private key and the certificate match
(openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in private.key | openssl md5 ; openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in certificate.crt | openssl md5) | uniq
gnutls-cli
Tool:Testing connection to remote host (with SNI support)
gnutls-cli -p 443 google.com
Testing connection to remote host (without SNI support)
gnutls-cli --disable-sni -p 443 google.com
secure-delete
Tool:Secure delete with shred
shred -vfuz -n 10 file
shred --verbose --random-source=/dev/urandom -n 1 /dev/sda
Secure delete with scrub
scrub -p dod /dev/sda
scrub -p dod -r file
Secure delete with badblocks
badblocks -s -w -t random -v /dev/sda
badblocks -c 10240 -s -w -t random -v /dev/sda
Secure delete with secure-delete
srm -vz /tmp/file
sfill -vz /local
sdmem -v
swapoff /dev/sda5 && sswap -vz /dev/sda5
dd
Tool:Show dd status every so often
dd <dd_params> status=progress
watch --interval 5 killall -USR1 dd
Redirect output to a file with dd
echo "string" | dd of=filename
curl
Tool:curl -Iks https://www.google.com
-I
- show response headers only-k
- insecure connection when using ssl-s
- silent mode (not display body)
curl -Iks --location -X GET -A "x-agent" https://www.google.com
--location
- follow redirects-X
- set method-A
- set user-agent
curl -Iks --location -X GET -A "x-agent" --proxy http://127.0.0.1:16379 https://www.google.com
--proxy [socks5://|http://]
- set proxy server
Check DNS and HTTP trace with headers for specific domains
### Set domains and external dns servers.
_domain_list=(google.com) ; _dns_list=("8.8.8.8" "1.1.1.1")
for _domain in "${_domain_list[@]}" ; do
printf '=%.0s' {1..48}
echo
printf "[\\e[1;32m+\\e[m] resolve: %s\\n" "$_domain"
for _dns in "${_dns_list[@]}" ; do
# Resolve domain.
host "${_domain}" "${_dns}"
echo
done
for _proto in http https ; do
printf "[\\e[1;32m+\\e[m] trace + headers: %s://%s\\n" "$_proto" "$_domain"
# Get trace and http headers.
curl -Iks -A "x-agent" --location "${_proto}://${_domain}"
echo
done
done
unset _domain_list _dns_list
httpie
Tool:http -p Hh https://www.google.com
-p
- print request and response headersH
- request headersB
- request bodyh
- response headersb
- response body
http -p Hh --follow --max-redirects 5 --verify no https://www.google.com
-F, --follow
- follow redirects--max-redirects N
- maximum for--follow
--verify no
- skip SSL verification
http -p Hh --follow --max-redirects 5 --verify no --proxy http:http://127.0.0.1:16379 https://www.google.com
--proxy [http:]
- set proxy server
ssh
Tool:Compare a remote file with a local file
ssh user@host cat /path/to/remotefile | diff /path/to/localfile -
SSH connection through host in the middle
ssh -t reachable_host ssh unreachable_host
Run command over ssh on remote host
cat > cmd.txt << __EOF__
cat /etc/hosts
__EOF__
ssh host -l user $(<cmd.txt)
Get public key from private key
ssh-keygen -y -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Get all fingerprints
ssh-keygen -l -f .ssh/known_hosts
Ssh authentication with user password
ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password -o PubkeyAuthentication=no user@remote_host
Ssh authentication with publickey
ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=publickey -o PubkeyAuthentication=yes -i id_rsa user@remote_host
Simple recording SSH session
function _ssh_sesslog() {
_sesdir="<path/to/session/logs>"
mkdir -p "${_sesdir}" && \
ssh $@ 2>&1 | tee -a "${_sesdir}/$(date +%Y%m%d).log"
}
# Alias:
alias ssh='_ssh_sesslog'
Using Keychain for SSH logins
### Delete all of ssh-agent's keys.
function _scl() {
/usr/bin/keychain --clear
}
### Add key to keychain.
function _scg() {
/usr/bin/keychain /path/to/private-key
source "$HOME/.keychain/$HOSTNAME-sh"
}
SSH login without processing any login scripts
ssh -tt user@host bash
SSH local port forwarding
Example 1:
# Forwarding our local 2250 port to nmap.org:443 from localhost through localhost
host1> ssh -L 2250:nmap.org:443 localhost
# Connect to the service:
host1> curl -Iks --location -X GET https://localhost:2250
Example 2:
# Forwarding our local 9051 port to db.d.x:5432 from localhost through node.d.y
host1> ssh -nNT -L 9051:db.d.x:5432 node.d.y
# Connect to the service:
host1> psql -U db_user -d db_dev -p 9051 -h localhost
-n
- redirects stdin from/dev/null
-N
- do not execute a remote command-T
- disable pseudo-terminal allocation
SSH remote port forwarding
# Forwarding our local 9051 port to db.d.x:5432 from host2 through node.d.y
host1> ssh -nNT -R 9051:db.d.x:5432 node.d.y
# Connect to the service:
host2> psql -U postgres -d postgres -p 8000 -h localhost
linux-dev
Tool:Testing remote connection to port
timeout 1 bash -c "</dev/<proto>/<host>/<port>" >/dev/null 2>&1 ; echo $?
<proto
- set protocol (tcp/udp)<host>
- set remote host<port>
- set destination port
Read and write to TCP or UDP sockets with common bash tools
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<host>/<port>; cat <&5 & cat >&5; exec 5>&-
tcpdump
Tool:Filter incoming (on interface) traffic (specific ip:port)
tcpdump -ne -i eth0 -Q in host 192.168.252.1 and port 443
-n
- don't convert addresses (-nn
will not resolve hostnames or ports)-e
- print the link-level headers-i [iface|any]
- set interface-Q|-D [in|out|inout]
- choose send/receive direction (-D
- for old tcpdump versions)host [ip|hostname]
- set host, also[host not]
[and|or]
- set logicport [1-65535]
- set port number, also[port not]
Filter incoming (on interface) traffic (specific ip:port) and write to a file
tcpdump -ne -i eth0 -Q in host 192.168.252.1 and port 443 -c 5 -w tcpdump.pcap
-c [num]
- capture only num number of packets-w [filename]
- write packets to file,-r [filename]
- reading from file
Capture all ICMP packets
tcpdump -nei eth0 icmp
Check protocol used (TCP or UDP) for service
tcpdump -nei eth0 tcp port 22 -vv -X | egrep "TCP|UDP"
Display ASCII text (to parse the output using grep or other)
tcpdump -i eth0 -A -s0 port 443
Grab everything between two keywords
tcpdump -i eth0 port 80 -X | sed -n -e '/username/,/=ldap/ p'
Grab user and pass ever plain http
tcpdump -i eth0 port http -l -A | egrep -i 'pass=|pwd=|log=|login=|user=|username=|pw=|passw=|passwd=|password=|pass:|user:|username:|password:|login:|pass |user ' --color=auto --line-buffered -B20
Extract HTTP User Agent from HTTP request header
tcpdump -ei eth0 -nn -A -s1500 -l | grep "User-Agent:"
Capture only HTTP GET and POST packets
tcpdump -ei eth0 -s 0 -A -vv 'tcp[((tcp[12:1] & 0xf0) >> 2):4] = 0x47455420' or 'tcp[((tcp[12:1] & 0xf0) >> 2):4] = 0x504f5354'
or simply:
tcpdump -ei eth0 -s 0 -v -n -l | egrep -i "POST /|GET /|Host:"
Rotate capture files
tcpdump -ei eth0 -w /tmp/capture-%H.pcap -G 3600 -C 200
-G <num>
- pcap will be created every<num>
seconds-C <size>
- close the current pcap and open a new one if is larger than<size>
Top hosts by packets
tcpdump -ei enp0s25 -nnn -t -c 200 | cut -f 1,2,3,4 -d '.' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 20
tcpick
Tool:Analyse packets in real-time
while true ; do tcpick -a -C -r dump.pcap ; sleep 2 ; clear ; done
ngrep
Tool:ngrep -d eth0 "www.google.com" port 443
-d [iface|any]
- set interface[domain]
- set hostnameport [1-65535]
- set port number
ngrep -d eth0 "www.google.com" (host 10.240.20.2) and (port 443)
(host [ip|hostname])
- filter by ip or hostname(port [1-65535])
- filter by port number
ngrep -d eth0 -qt -O ngrep.pcap "www.google.com" port 443
-q
- quiet mode (only payloads)-t
- added timestamps-O [filename]
- save output to file,-I [filename]
- reading from file
ngrep -d eth0 -qt 'HTTP' 'tcp'
HTTP
- show http headerstcp|udp
- set protocol[src|dst] host [ip|hostname]
- set direction for specific node
ngrep -l -q -d eth0 -i "User-Agent: curl*"
-l
- stdout line buffered-i
- case-insensitive search
hping3
Tool:hping3 -V -p 80 -s 5050 <scan_type> www.google.com
-V|--verbose
- verbose mode-p|--destport
- set destination port-s|--baseport
- set source port<scan_type>
- set scan type-F|--fin
- set FIN flag, port open if no reply-S|--syn
- set SYN flag-P|--push
- set PUSH flag-A|--ack
- set ACK flag (use when ping is blocked, RST response back if the port is open)-U|--urg
- set URG flag-Y|--ymas
- set Y unused flag (0x80 - nullscan), port open if no reply-M 0 -UPF
- set TCP sequence number and scan type (URG+PUSH+FIN), port open if no reply
hping3 -V -c 1 -1 -C 8 www.google.com
-c [num]
- packet count-1
- set ICMP mode-C|--icmptype [icmp-num]
- set icmp type (default icmp-echo = 8)
hping3 -V -c 1000000 -d 120 -S -w 64 -p 80 --flood --rand-source <remote_host>
--flood
- sent packets as fast as possible (don't show replies)--rand-source
- random source address mode-d --data
- data size-w|--win
- winsize (default 64)
nmap
Tool:Ping scans the network
nmap -sP 192.168.0.0/24
Show only open ports
nmap -F --open 192.168.0.0/24
Full TCP port scan using with service version detection
nmap -p 1-65535 -sV -sS -T4 192.168.0.0/24
Nmap scan and pass output to Nikto
nmap -p80,443 192.168.0.0/24 -oG - | nikto.pl -h -
Recon specific ip:service with Nmap NSE scripts stack
# Set variables:
_hosts="192.168.250.10"
_ports="80,443"
# Set Nmap NSE scripts stack:
_nmap_nse_scripts="+dns-brute,\
+http-auth-finder,\
+http-chrono,\
+http-cookie-flags,\
+http-cors,\
+http-cross-domain-policy,\
+http-csrf,\
+http-dombased-xss,\
+http-enum,\
+http-errors,\
+http-git,\
+http-grep,\
+http-internal-ip-disclosure,\
+http-jsonp-detection,\
+http-malware-host,\
+http-methods,\
+http-passwd,\
+http-phpself-xss,\
+http-php-version,\
+http-robots.txt,\
+http-sitemap-generator,\
+http-shellshock,\
+http-stored-xss,\
+http-title,\
+http-unsafe-output-escaping,\
+http-useragent-tester,\
+http-vhosts,\
+http-waf-detect,\
+http-waf-fingerprint,\
+http-xssed,\
+traceroute-geolocation.nse,\
+ssl-enum-ciphers,\
+whois-domain,\
+whois-ip"
# Set Nmap NSE script params:
_nmap_nse_scripts_args="dns-brute.domain=${_hosts},http-cross-domain-policy.domain-lookup=true,http-waf-detect.aggro,http-waf-detect.detectBodyChanges,http-waf-fingerprint.intensive=1"
# Perform scan:
nmap --script="$_nmap_nse_scripts" --script-args="$_nmap_nse_scripts_args" -p "$_ports" "$_hosts"
netcat
Tool:nc -kl 5000
-l
- listen for an incoming connection-k
- listening after client has disconnected>filename.out
- save receive data to file (optional)
nc 192.168.0.1 5051 < filename.in
< filename.in
- send data to remote host
nc -vz 10.240.30.3 5000
-v
- verbose output-z
- scan for listening daemons
nc -vzu 10.240.30.3 1-65535
-u
- scan only udp ports
Transfer data file (archive)
server> nc -l 5000 | tar xzvfp -
client> tar czvfp - /path/to/dir | nc 10.240.30.3 5000
Launch remote shell
server> nc -l 5000 -e /bin/bash
client> nc 10.240.30.3 5000
Simple file server
while true ; do nc -l 5000 | tar -xvf - ; done
Simple minimal HTTP Server
while true ; do nc -l -p 1500 -c 'echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n $(date)"' ; done
Simple HTTP Server
Restarts web server after each request - remove
while
condition for only single connection.
cat > index.html << __EOF__
<!doctype html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title></title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
<p>
Hello! It's a site.
</p>
</body>
</html>
__EOF__
server> while : ; do \
(echo -ne "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: $(wc -c <index.html)\r\n\r\n" ; cat index.html;) | \
nc -l -p 5000 \
; done
-p
- port number
Simple HTTP Proxy (single connection)
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if [[ $# != 2 ]] ; then
printf "%s\\n" \
"usage: ./nc-proxy listen-port bk_host:bk_port"
fi
_listen_port="$1"
_bk_host=$(echo "$2" | cut -d ":" -f1)
_bk_port=$(echo "$2" | cut -d ":" -f2)
printf " lport: %s\\nbk_host: %s\\nbk_port: %s\\n\\n" \
"$_listen_port" "$_bk_host" "$_bk_port"
_tmp=$(mktemp -d)
_back="$_tmp/pipe.back"
_sent="$_tmp/pipe.sent"
_recv="$_tmp/pipe.recv"
trap 'rm -rf "$_tmp"' EXIT
mkfifo -m 0600 "$_back" "$_sent" "$_recv"
sed "s/^/=> /" <"$_sent" &
sed "s/^/<= /" <"$_recv" &
nc -l -p "$_listen_port" <"$_back" | \
tee "$_sent" | \
nc "$_bk_host" "$_bk_port" | \
tee "$_recv" >"$_back"
server> chmod +x nc-proxy && ./nc-proxy 8080 192.168.252.10:8000
lport: 8080
bk_host: 192.168.252.10
bk_port: 8000
client> http -p h 10.240.30.3:8080
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: max-age=31536000
Content-Length: 2748
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Date: Sun, 01 Jul 2018 20:12:08 GMT
Last-Modified: Sun, 01 Apr 2018 21:53:37 GMT
Create a single-use TCP or UDP proxy
### TCP -> TCP
nc -l -p 2000 -c "nc [ip|hostname] 3000"
### TCP -> UDP
nc -l -p 2000 -c "nc -u [ip|hostname] 3000"
### UDP -> UDP
nc -l -u -p 2000 -c "nc -u [ip|hostname] 3000"
### UDP -> TCP
nc -l -u -p 2000 -c "nc [ip|hostname] 3000"
socat
Tool:Testing remote connection to port
socat - TCP4:10.240.30.3:22
-
- standard input (STDIO)TCP4:<params>
- set tcp4 connection with specific params[hostname|ip]
- set hostname/ip[1-65535]
- set port number
Redirecting TCP-traffic to a UNIX domain socket under Linux
socat TCP-LISTEN:1234,bind=127.0.0.1,reuseaddr,fork,su=nobody,range=127.0.0.0/8 UNIX-CLIENT:/tmp/foo
TCP-LISTEN:<params>
- set tcp listen with specific params[1-65535]
- set port numberbind=[hostname|ip]
- set bind hostname/ipreuseaddr
- allows other sockets to bind to an addressfork
- keeps the parent process attempting to produce more connectionssu=nobody
- set userrange=[ip-range]
- ip range
UNIX-CLIENT:<params>
- communicates with the specified peer socketfilename
- define socket
lsof
Tool:Show process that use internet connection at the moment
lsof -P -i -n
Show process that use specific port number
lsof -i tcp:443
Lists all listening ports together with the PID of the associated process
lsof -Pan -i tcp -i udp
List all open ports and their owning executables
lsof -i -P | grep -i "listen"
Show all open ports
lsof -Pnl -i
Show open ports (LISTEN)
lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | column -t
List all files opened by a particular command
lsof -c "process"
View user activity per directory
lsof -u username -a +D /etc
Show 10 largest open files
lsof / | \
awk '{ if($7 > 1048576) print $7/1048576 "MB" " " $9 " " $1 }' | \
sort -n -u | tail | column -t
netstat
Tool:Graph # of connections for each hosts
netstat -an | \
grep ESTABLISHED | \
awk '{print $5}' | \
awk -F: '{print $1}' | \
grep -v -e '^[[:space:]]*$' | \
sort | uniq -c | \
awk '{ printf("%s\t%s\t",$2,$1) ; for (i = 0; i < $1; i++) {printf("*")}; print "" }'
Monitor open connections for specific port including listen, count and sort it per IP
watch "netstat -plan | grep :443 | awk {'print \$5'} | cut -d: -f 1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nk 1"
rsync
Tool:Rsync remote data as root using sudo
rsync --rsync-path 'sudo rsync' username@hostname:/path/to/dir/ /local/
host
Tool:Resolves the domain name (using external dns server)
host google.com 9.9.9.9
Checks the domain administrator (SOA record)
host -t soa google.com 9.9.9.9
dig
Tool:Resolves the domain name (short output)
dig google.com +short
Lookup NS record for specific domain
dig @9.9.9.9 google.com NS
Query only answer section
dig google.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats
Query ALL DNS Records
dig google.com ANY +noall +answer
DNS Reverse Look-up
dig -x 172.217.16.14 +short
network-other
Tool:Get all subnets for specific AS (Autonomous system)
AS="AS32934"
whois -h whois.radb.net -- "-i origin ${AS}" | \
grep "^route:" | \
cut -d ":" -f2 | \
sed -e 's/^[ \t]//' | \
sort -n -t . -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -k 4,4 | \
cut -d ":" -f2 | \
sed -e 's/^[ \t]/allow /' | \
sed 's/$/;/' | \
sed 's/allow */subnet -> /g'
Resolves domain name from dns.google.com with curl and jq
_dname="google.com" ; curl -s "https://dns.google.com/resolve?name=${_dname}&type=A" | jq .
python
Tool:Static HTTP web server
# Python 3.x
python3 -m http.server 8000 --bind 127.0.0.1
# Python 2.x
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000
Static HTTP web server with SSL support
# Python 3.x
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl
httpd = HTTPServer(('localhost', 4443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket,
keyfile="path/to/key.pem",
certfile='path/to/cert.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
# Python 2.x
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl
httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('localhost', 4443),
SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket,
keyfile="path/tp/key.pem",
certfile='path/to/cert.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
awk
Tool:Remove duplicate entries in a file without sorting
awk '!x[$0]++' filename
Exclude multiple columns using AWK
awk '{$1=$3=""}1' filename
Get the last hour of Apache logs
awk '/'$(date -d "1 hours ago" "+%d\\/%b\\/%Y:%H:%M")'/,/'$(date "+%d\\/%b\\/%Y:%H:%M")'/ { print $0 }' /var/log/httpd/access_log
sed
Tool:To print a specific line from a file
sed -n 10p /path/to/file
Remove a specific line from a file
sed -i 10d /path/to/file
# alternative (BSD): sed -i'' 10d /path/to/file
Remove a range of lines from a file
sed -i <file> -re '<start>,<end>d'
grep
Tool:Search for a "pattern" inside all files in the current directory
grep -rn "pattern"
grep -RnisI "pattern" *
fgrep "pattern" * -R
Remove blank lines from a file and save output to new file
grep . filename > newfilename
Except multiple patterns
grep -vE '(error|critical|warning)' filename
Show data from file without comments
grep -v ^[[:space:]]*# filename
Show data from file without comments and new lines
egrep -v '#|^$' filename