Iced

A cross-platform GUI library for Rust focused on simplicity and type-safety. Inspired by Elm.

Features

Simple, easy-to-use, batteries-included API
Type-safe, reactive programming model
Cross-platform support (Windows, macOS, Linux, and the Web)
Responsive layout
Built-in widgets (including text inputs, scrollables, and more!)
Custom widget support (create your own!)
Debug overlay with performance metrics
First-class support for async actions (use futures!)
Modular ecosystem split into reusable parts:
- A renderer-agnostic native runtime enabling integration with existing systems
- Two built-in renderers leveraging wgpu and glow
  - iced_wgpu supporting Vulkan, Metal and DX12
  - iced_glow supporting OpenGL 2.1+ and OpenGL ES 2.0+
- A windowing shell
- A web runtime leveraging the DOM

Iced is currently experimental software. Take a look at the roadmap, check out the issues, and feel free to contribute!

Installation

Add iced as a dependency in your Cargo.toml:

iced = "0.4"

If your project is using a Rust edition older than 2021, then you will need to set resolver = "2" in the [package] section as well.

Iced moves fast and the master branch can contain breaking changes! If you want to learn about a specific release, check out the release list.

Overview

Inspired by The Elm Architecture, Iced expects you to split user interfaces into four different concepts:

State — the state of your application
Messages — user interactions or meaningful events that you care about
View logic — a way to display your state as widgets that may produce messages on user interaction
Update logic — a way to react to messages and update your state

We can build something to see how this works! Let's say we want a simple counter that can be incremented and decremented using two buttons.

We start by modelling the state of our application:

use iced::button;

struct Counter {
    // The counter value
    value: i32,

    // The local state of the two buttons
    increment_button: button::State,
    decrement_button: button::State,
}

Next, we need to define the possible user interactions of our counter: the button presses. These interactions are our messages:

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum Message {
    IncrementPressed,
    DecrementPressed,
}

Now, let's show the actual counter by putting it all together in our view logic:

use iced::{Button, Column, Text};

impl Counter {
    pub fn view(&mut self) -> Column<Message> {
        // We use a column: a simple vertical layout
        Column::new()
            .push(
                // The increment button. We tell it to produce an
                // `IncrementPressed` message when pressed
                Button::new(&mut self.increment_button, Text::new("+"))
                    .on_press(Message::IncrementPressed),
            )
            .push(
                // We show the value of the counter here
                Text::new(self.value.to_string()).size(50),
            )
            .push(
                // The decrement button. We tell it to produce a
                // `DecrementPressed` message when pressed
                Button::new(&mut self.decrement_button, Text::new("-"))
                    .on_press(Message::DecrementPressed),
            )
    }
}

Finally, we need to be able to react to any produced messages and change our state accordingly in our update logic:

impl Counter {
    // ...

    pub fn update(&mut self, message: Message) {
        match message {
            Message::IncrementPressed => {
                self.value += 1;
            }
            Message::DecrementPressed => {
                self.value -= 1;
            }
        }
    }
}

And that's everything! We just wrote a whole user interface. Iced is now able to:

Take the result of our view logic and layout its widgets.
Process events from our system and produce messages for our update logic.
Draw the resulting user interface.

Browse the documentation and the examples to learn more!

Implementation details

Iced was originally born as an attempt at bringing the simplicity of Elm and The Elm Architecture into Coffee, a 2D game engine I am working on.

The core of the library was implemented during May 2019 in this pull request. The first alpha version was eventually released as a renderer-agnostic GUI library. The library did not provide a renderer and implemented the current tour example on top of ggez, a game library.

Since then, the focus has shifted towards providing a batteries-included, end-user-oriented GUI library, while keeping the ecosystem modular:

Troubleshooting

`GraphicsAdapterNotFound`

This occurs when the selected built-in renderer is not able to create a context.

Often this will occur while using iced_wgpu as the renderer without supported hardware (needs Vulkan, Metal or DX12). In this case, you could try using the iced_glow renderer:

First, check if it works with

$ cargo run --features iced/glow --package game_of_life

and then use it in your project with

iced = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["glow"] }

NOTE: Chances are you have hardware that supports at least OpenGL 2.1 or OpenGL ES 2.0, but if you don't, right now there's no software fallback, so it means your hardware doesn't support Iced.

Contributing / Feedback

Contributions are greatly appreciated! If you want to contribute, please read our contributing guidelines for more details.

Feedback is also welcome! You can open an issue or, if you want to talk, come chat to our Discord server. Moreover, you can find me (and a bunch of awesome folks) over the #games-and-graphics and #gui-and-ui channels in the Rust Community Discord. I go by lone_scientist#9554 there.

ZakisM/iced