RandomKit: A Swift repository from alexpopov

RandomKit is a Swift framework that makes random data generation simple and easy.

Build Status
Installation
Benchmark
Usage
Extra
- BigInt
License

Build Status

Branch	Status
`master`

Installation

Compatibility

Platforms:
- macOS 10.9+
- iOS 8.0+
- watchOS 2.0+
- tvOS 9.0+
- Linux
Xcode 8.0+
Swift 3.0.2+ & 4.0

RandomKit is possibly also compatible with FreeBSD, Android, and Windows (under Cygwin) but has not been tested for those platforms.

Install Using Swift Package Manager

The Swift Package Manager is a decentralized dependency manager for Swift.

Add the project to your Package.swift.

import PackageDescription

let package = Package(
    name: "MyAwesomeProject",
    dependencies: [
        .Package(url: "https://github.com/nvzqz/RandomKit.git",
                 majorVersion: 5)
    ]
)

Import the RandomKit module.
```
import RandomKit
```

Install Using CocoaPods

CocoaPods is a centralized dependency manager for Objective-C and Swift. Go here to learn more.

Add the project to your Podfile.

use_frameworks!

pod 'RandomKit', '~> 5.2.3'

If you want to be on the bleeding edge, replace the last line with:

pod 'RandomKit', :git => 'https://github.com/nvzqz/RandomKit.git'

Run pod install and open the .xcworkspace file to launch Xcode.
Import the RandomKit framework.
```
import RandomKit
```

Install Using Carthage

Carthage is a decentralized dependency manager for Objective-C and Swift.

Add the project to your Cartfile.
```
github "nvzqz/RandomKit"
```
Run carthage update and follow the additional steps in order to add RandomKit to your project.
Import the RandomKit framework.
```
import RandomKit
```

Benchmark

Various components of RandomKit can be easily benchmarked by running benchmark.sh.

./benchmark.sh [FLAGS] [PROTOCOLS]

Use the --help flag for information regarding how to use it.

Note: The default count is 10000000, which is A LOT if using the --array flag. This can be changed by passing an argument into --count or -c.

Usage

Try it out for yourself! Download the repo and open 'RandomKit.playground'.

RandomGenerator

The RandomGenerator protocol defines basic methods for generating primitive values and randomizing a buffer.

All provided types that conform to RandomGenerator have a static default value that can be passed as an inout argument to generation functions.

let value = Int.random(using: &Xoroshiro.default)

Available Generators

ARC4Random
- Because the symbols for the arc4random family of functions aren't exported with Foundation on Linux and other platforms, they're dynamically loaded at runtime.
DeviceRandom
- Reads from "/dev/random" or "/dev/urandom" as its source.
MersenneTwister
Xoroshiro
Xorshift
XorshiftStar
ChaCha

SeedableRandomGenerator

SeedableRandomGenerator is for types that can be seeded with some associated Seed type.

RandomBytesGenerator

The RandomBytesGenerator protocol is for types that specialize in generating a specific type that fills up a number of bytes. For example, MersenneTwister specializes in generating UInt64 while Xorshift generates UInt32 values.

Thread Safety

For single-threaded programs, it is safe to use a global generator instance such as Xoroshiro.default as a source of randomness.

For multi-threaded programs, the thread-local instances should be used. This allows for different threads to use their own separate random generators without a shared mutable state.

In the following example, randomGenerator is unique to each thread.

let randomBytes = Xoroshiro.withThreadLocal { randomGenerator in
    return [UInt8](randomCount: 1000, using: &randomGenerator)
}

Thread-local generators are deallocated upon thread exit, so there's no need to worry about cleanup.

It's recommended to not call withThreadLocal(_:) or get the threadLocal pointer each individual time it's needed. Retrieving the thread-local instance incurs avoidable overhead.

// Bad
let value = Int.random(using: &Xoroshiro.threadLocal.pointee)
array.shuffle(using: &Xoroshiro.threadLocal.pointee)

// Good
let threadLocal = Xoroshiro.threadLocal
let value = Int.random(using: &threadLocal.pointee)
array.shuffle(using: &threadLocal.pointee)

// Better
Xoroshiro.withThreadLocal { randomGenerator in
    let value = Int.random(using: &randomGenerator)
    array.shuffle(using: &randomGenerator)
}

As a shortcut, you can even apply a function directly as a parameter.

let value = Xoroshiro.withThreadLocal(Int.random)

Prior to v4.4.0, thread safety could be achieved by instantiating a new seeded instance of a given RandomGenerator type. The problem with this is that unnecessary seeding occurs each time. With this, the generator is seeded once and can then be reused at later points.

Shortcuts to the reseeding version of a generator are also available:

Xoroshiro.withThreadLocalReseeding {
    ...
}

Which is way better than writing:

ReseedingRandomGenerator.withThreadLocal(createdWith: { Xoroshiro.reseeding }) {
    ...
}

Protocols

RandomKit is very protocol-oriented, which gives it the ability to be very flexible and modular.

Random

A protocol for types that can generate random values using a RandomGenerator.

RandomInRange

A protocol for types that can generate optional random values within a range using a RandomGenerator.

Int.random(in: 0 ..< 0, using: &randomGenerator) // nil

RandomInClosedRange

A protocol for types that can generate random values within a closed range using a RandomGenerator.

Int.random(in: -100 ... 100, using: &randomGenerator) // -79

RandomToValue

A protocol for types that can generate random values from a base value to another value, noninclusive.

The base value for integers is 0. This means that calling random(to:using:) on a negative value will yield a random negative value or zero whereas a positive value will yield a random positive value or zero.

If value == randomBase, value will be returned for random(to:using:).

Int.random(to:  2, using: &randomGenerator)  // Either 0 or 1
Int.random(to:  0, using: &randomGenerator)  // Always 0
Int.random(to: 32, using: &randomGenerator)  // 15
Int.random(to: -5, using: &randomGenerator)  // -3

RandomThroughValue

A protocol for types that can generate random values from a base value through another value, inclusive.

The same rules regarding the base value of RandomToValue apply to RandomThroughValue.

RandomRetrievable

A protocol for types whose instances can have random elements retrieved.

["Bob", "Cindy", "May", "Charles", "Javier"].random(using: &randomGenerator)  // "Charles"

"Hello".characters.random(using: &randomGenerator)  // "e"

Some Foundation types like NSArray conform to this protocol.

RandomRetrievableInRange

A protocol for types whose instances can have random elements retrieved from within a Range<Index>.

[20, 37, 42].random(in: 1 ..< 3, using: &randomGenerator)  // Either 37 or 42

Shuffleable

A protocol for types whose elements can be shuffled.

// Array
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].shuffled(using: &randomGenerator)  // [3, 4, 1, 5, 2]

// Dictionary
["a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3].shuffled(using: &randomGenerator)  // ["a": 3, "b": 1, "c": 2]

The mutable counterpart of shuffled(using:) is shuffle(using:).

For better Array shuffling performance, consider shuffling in-place with shuffle(using:).

UniqueShuffleable

Similar to Shuffleable, except no element is ever in its initial position.

Swift Types

Integers

All of Swift's native integer types conform to the Random- protocols.

The random(using:) function creates an integer of any value. As a result, negative values can result for signed integers.

Int.random(using: &randomGenerator)               // An Int within Int.min and Int.max
Int.random(in: 10...20, using: &randomGenerator)  // An Int within 10 and 20

To create a positive signed integer, use random(to:using:) or random(through:using:).

Int.random(to: 1000, using: &randomGenerator)     // 731
Int.random(through: 10, using: &randomGenerator)  // 4

Signed integers can be created from any range, without danger of overflow.

Int.random(in: (.min + 1000)...(.max - 200), using: &randomGenerator)  // 5698527899712144154

Floating Point Numbers

Generate a random floating point value from within a range or 0.0...1.0 by default.

Double.random(using: &randomGenerator)                 //  0.9813615573117475
Double.random(in:  -10...10, using: &randomGenerator)  // -4.03042337718197
Float.random(in:   -10...10, using: &randomGenerator)  //  5.167088
Float80.random(in: -10...10, using: &randomGenerator)  // -3.63204542399198874

All FloatingPoint types can also conform to RandomInClosedRange out-of-the-box.

Bool

Bool.random(using:) has a 50/50 chance of being true.

If you need different probability, there's also random(withWeight:using:), which has 1 in weight chance of being true.

String, Character, and UnicodeScalar

String, Character, and UnicodeScalar generate values within " "..."~" by default.

String.random(ofLength: 10, using: &randomGenerator)                 // "}+[=Ng>$w1"
String.random(ofLength: 10, in: "A"..."z", using: &randomGenerator)  // "poUtXJIbv["

Character.random(using: &randomGenerator)                 // "#"
Character.random(in: "A"..."z", using: &randomGenerator)  // "s"

Arrays

An array of random values can be generated for types conforming to Random with init(randomCount:using:).

Similar initializers exist for all other Random- protocols.

let randoms = Array<Int>(randomCount: 100, using: &randomGenerator)  // [8845477344689834233, -957454203475087100, ...]

For types conforming to UnsafeRandom, a faster alternative is init(unsafeRandomCount:using:). This initializer fills the buffer directly rather than using random(using:).

let unsafeRandoms = Array<Int>(unsafeRandomCount: 100, using: &randomGenerator)  // [759709806207883991, 4618491969012429761, ...]

Arrays Benchmark

A benchmark of generating 1000 random Int arrays of 10000 count:

Generator	Time (in seconds)
`Xoroshiro`	0.0271
`Xorshift`	0.0568
`XorshiftStar`	0.0319
`ChaCha`	0.2027
`MersenneTwister`	0.0432
`ARC4Random`	0.2416
`DeviceRandom`	5.3348

Note: Results may vary due to various factors.

This same benchmark can be run with:

./benchmark.sh --all-generators --array 10000 --count 1000

Foundation Types

Date

A random Date can be generated between two Date or TimeInterval values.

The default random(using:) function returns a Date within Date.distantPast and Date.distantFuture.

Date.random(using: &randomGenerator)  // "Aug 28, 2006, 3:38 AM"
Date.random(in: Date.distantPast...Date(), using: &randomGenerator)  // "Feb 7, 472, 5:40 AM"

Decimal

The Decimal type conforms to various Random- protocols.

The random(using:) function returns a Decimal between 0 and 1 by default.

Decimal.random(using: &randomGenerator)                  // 0.87490000409886706715888973957833129437
Decimal.random(in: 0.0...10.0, using: &randomGenerator)  // 6.5464639772070720738747790627821299859

NSNumber

A random number can be generated from within an integer or double range, or 0...100 by default.

NSNumber.random(using: &randomGenerator)                 // 79
NSNumber.random(in: -50...100, using: &randomGenerator)  // -27
NSNumber.random(in: 100...200, using: &randomGenerator)  // 149.6156950363926

Cocoa and UIKit Types

NSColor and UIColor

A random color can be generated, with or without random alpha.

NSColor.random(using: &randomGenerator)              // r 0.694 g 0.506 b 0.309 a 1.0
NSColor.random(alpha: true, using: &randomGenerator) // r 0.859 g 0.57  b 0.409 a 0.047

UIColor.random(using: &randomGenerator)              // r 0.488 g 0.805 b 0.679 a 1.0
UIColor.random(alpha: true, using: &randomGenerator) // r 0.444 g 0.121 b 0.602 a 0.085

CoreGraphics Types

CGFloat

Because CGFloat conforms to FloatingPoint, it conforms to RandomInClosedRange just like how Double and Float do.

CGFloat.random(using: &randomGenerator)               // 0.699803650379181
CGFloat.random(in: 0...100, using: &randomGenerator)  // 43.27969591675319

CGPoint

A random point can be generated from within ranges for x and y.

CGPoint.random(using: &randomGenerator) // {x 70.093 y 95.721}
CGPoint.random(xRange: 0...200, yRange: 0...10, using: &randomGenerator) // {x 73.795 y 0.991}

CGSize

A random size can be generated from within ranges for width and height.

CGSize.random(using: &randomGenerator) // {w 3.744  h 35.932}
CGSize.random(widthRange: 0...50, heightRange: 0...400, using: &randomGenerator) // {w 38.271 h 239.636}

CGRect

A random rectangle can be generated from within ranges for x, y, width, and height.

CGRect.random(using: &randomGenerator)  // {x 3.872  y 46.15  w 8.852  h 20.201}
CGRect.random(xRange: 0...50,
              yRange: 0...100,
              widthRange: 0...25,
              heightRange: 0...10,
              using: &randomGenerator)  // {x 13.212 y 79.147 w 20.656 h 5.663}

CGVector

A random vector can be generated from within ranges for dx and dy.

CGVector.random(using: &randomGenerator) // {dx 13.992 dy 89.376}
CGVector.random(dxRange: 0...50, dyRange: 0...10, using: &randomGenerator) // {dx 35.224 dy 13.463}

Extra

BigInt

RandomKit extensions for Károly's BigInt library are available in RandomKitBigInt.

License

RandomKit and its assets are released under the MIT License. Assets can be found in the assets branch.

Parts of this project utilize code written by Matt Gallagher and, in conjunction with the MIT License, are licensed with that found here.

alexpopov/RandomKit