Refrigerator offers an easy way to freeze all ruby core classes and modules. It’s designed to be used in production to make sure that no code is making unexpected changes to core classes or modules at runtime.
gem install refrigerator
Source code is available on GitHub at github.com/jeremyevans/ruby-refrigerator
After loading all of the code for your application, you can call the freeze_core method to freeze all core classes:
require 'refrigerator' Refrigerator.freeze_core
This will freeze all core classes, so that modifications to them at runtime will raise exceptions.
You can also pass an :except option to freeze_core with an array of class names not to freeze:
Refrigerator.freeze_core(:except=>['BasicObject'])
One reason to exclude certain classes is because you know they will be modified at runtime. For example, tilt (the ruby template library) modifies BasicObject at runtime as part of template compilation.
Refrigerator also offers a check_require method for checking libraries for modifications to the core classes. It allows you to easily see what fails when when you try to require the library with a frozen core, and offers some options that you can use to try to get the require to not raise an exception. This allows you to see what changes the library makes to the core classes. Here’s an example of basic use:
Refrigerator.check_require('open3', :modules=>[:Open3])
The check_require method takes the following options:
- :modules
-
Define the given module names before freezing the core (array of symbols)
- :classes
-
Define the given class names before freezing the core (array of symbols or two element arrays with class name symbol and superclass name symbol)
- :exclude
-
Exclude the given class/module names from freezin (array of strings)
- :depends
-
Any dependencies to require before freezing the core (array of strings)
Without any options, check_require will likely raise an exception, as it freezes the core before requiring, and if the required files tries to add a class or module to the global namespace, that will fail. The :modules and :classes options exist so that you can predefine the class so that the required file will reopen the existing class instead of defining a new class.
The :depends option can be easily used to load all dependencies of the required file before freezing the core. This is also necessary in most cases, especially when using the stdlib, since many stdlib files modify the core classes in ways beyond adding modules or classes. The :exclude option is basically a last resort, where you can disable the freezing of certain core classes, if you know the required library modifies them.
Here’s an example using Sequel, a ruby database toolkit:
Refrigerator.check_require 'sequel', :depends=>%w'bigdecimal date thread time uri', :modules=>[:Sequel]
And an example using Roda, a ruby web toolkit:
Refrigerator.check_require 'roda', :depends=>%w'rack uri fileutils set tmpdir tempfile thread date time', :classes=>[:Roda]
Note that many stdlib libraries will fail check_require unless you use the :exclude option, for example, set:
Refrigerator.check_require 'set', :classes=>[:Set, [:SortedSet, :Set]] # Fails due to Enumerable#to_set addition
refrigerator ships with a check_require binary that offers access to Refrigerator.check_require from the command line. Here’s the usage:
$ bin/check_require
Usage: check_require [options] path
Options:
-m, --modules [Module1,Module2] define given modules under Object before freezing core classes
-c, --classes [Class1,Class2] define given modules under Object before freezing core classes
-r, --require [foo,bar/baz] require given libraries before freezing core classes
-e, --exclude [Object,Array] exclude given core classes from freezing
-h, -?, --help Show this message
You can use this to easily check ruby libraries for issues when requiring. For example, let’s try with open3:
$ bin/check_require open3
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/open3.rb:32:in `<top (required)>': can't modify frozen #<Class:Object> (RuntimeError)
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /data/code/ruby-refrigerator/lib/refrigerator.rb:35:in `check_require'
from bin/check_require:42:in `<main>'
$ bin/check_require -m Open3 open3
As displayed above, open3 does not modify any core classes, beyond defining the Open3 module.
Let’s try with date:
$ bin/check_require date
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': can't modify frozen #<Class:Object> (RuntimeError)
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/date.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /data/code/ruby-refrigerator/lib/refrigerator.rb:35:in `check_require'
from bin/check_require:42:in `<main>'
$ bin/check_require -e Object date
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': can't modify frozen class (RuntimeError)
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/date.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.4/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /data/code/ruby-refrigerator/lib/refrigerator.rb:35:in `check_require'
from bin/check_require:42:in `<main>'
$ bin/check_require -e Object,Time date
The first failure is because date defines the Date and DateTime classes. Because date is a native library written in C, you can’t define the classes in advance, so you have to exclude the freezing of Object. Note that it still fails in that case, but it doesn’t even tell you why. It turns out the reason is that date also adds Time#to_date and other methods, so you need to exclude the freezing of Time as well.
Here are a couple more examples, using Sequel and Roda:
bin/check_require -m Sequel -r bigdecimal,date,thread,time,uri sequel bin/check_require -c Roda -r rack,uri,fileutils,set,tmpdir,tempfile,thread,date,time roda
Note that bin/check_require‘s `-c` option does not support classes that do not subclass from Object. You must use the Refrigerator.check_require API in that case.
MIT
Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net>