This Elixir library supports convenient encoding and decoding of Avro messages.
It can read the Avro schema from local files or the Confluent® Schema Registry, caching data in memory for performance.
It supports reading and writing data Kafka wire format prefix and from Object Container Files formats. Along with Confluent® Schema References it has Inter-Schema references feature for older Schema Registry versions.
Many thanks to the AvroTurf Ruby gem for the initial inspiration 💙
Add Avrora to mix.exs
as a dependency
def deps do
[
{:avrora, "~> 0.21"}
]
end
🔰 It's recommended to configure private Avrora clientv0.17 to avoid
risk of conflicts with other dependencies which might use shared Avrora
client.
Don't worry if you already using the shared client because migration to the private is a matter of copy-paste.
Create your private Avrora client module
defmodule MyClient do
use Avrora.Client,
otp_app: :my_application,
registry_url: "http://localhost:8081",
registry_auth: {:basic, ["username", "password"]},
schemas_path: "./priv/schemas",
registry_schemas_autoreg: false,
convert_null_values: false,
convert_map_to_proplist: false,
names_cache_ttl: :timer.minutes(5),
decoder_hook: &MyClient.decoder_hook/4
end
please check the section below 👇 for detailed explanation of each configuration option.
Configure the Avrora
shared client in config/config.exs
config :avrora,
otp_app: :my_application, # optional, if you want to use it as a root folder for `schemas_path`
registry_url: "http://localhost:8081",
registry_auth: {:basic, ["username", "password"]}, # optional
schemas_path: "./priv/schemas",
registry_schemas_autoreg: false, # optional: if you want manually register schemas
convert_null_values: false, # optional: if you want to keep decoded `:null` values as is
convert_map_to_proplist: false, # optional: if you want to restore the old behavior for decoding map-type
names_cache_ttl: :timer.minutes(5), # optional: if you want periodic disk reads
decoder_hook: &MyClient.decoder_hook/4 # optional: if you want to amend the data/result
otp_app
v0.22 - Name of the OTP application to use for runtime configuration via env, defaultnil
registry_url
- URL for the Schema Registry, defaultnil
registry_auth
– Credentials to authenticate in the Schema Registry, defaultnil
schemas_path
- Base path for locally stored schema files, default./priv/schemas
registry_schemas_autoreg
v0.13 - Flag for automatic schemas registration in the Schema Registry, defaulttrue
convert_null_values
v0.14 - Flag for automatic conversion of decoded:null
values intonil
, defaulttrue
convert_map_to_proplist
v0.15 restore old behaviour and confiugre decoding map-type to proplist, defaultfalse
names_cache_ttl
v0.10 - Time in ms to cache schemas by name in memory, default:infinity
decoder_hook
v0.24 - Function with arity 4 to amend data or result, defaultfn _, _, data, fun -> fun.(data) end
Set names_cache_ttl
to :infinity
will cache forever (no more disk reads will
happen). This is safe when schemas resolved in the Schema Registry by
numeric id or versioned name, as it is unique. If you need to reload schema
from the disk periodically, TTL different from :infinity
ensures that.
If the schema resolved by name it will be always overwritten with the latest schema received from Schema Registry.v0.10
Custom decoder hook will be first in the call-chain, after it's done Avrora will use the result in its own decoder hook.v0.24
💡 Disable schemas auto-registration if you want to avoid storing schemas and manually control registration process. Also it's recommended to turn off auto-registration when schemas containing Confluent Schema References.v0.14
💡 When you use releases and especially Umbrella apps with different clients it's
recommended to set otp_app
which will point to your OTP applications. This will allow you
to have a per-client runtime resolution for all configuration options (i.e. schemas_path
)
with a fallback to staticly defined in a client itself.v0.23
Avrora uses an in-memory cache to speed up schema lookup.
After you've created your private Avrora client, add it to your supervision tree
children = [
MyClient
]
Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
or start the process manually
{:ok, pid} = MyClient.start_link()
Add shared Avrora
module to your supervision tree
children = [
Avrora
]
Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
or start the process manually
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
🔰 All the examples below (including Schemas registration)
will use Avrora
shared client, but if you are using private client,
just replace Avrora
with your client module name.
The primary way to use the library is via the Avrora.encode/2
and
Avrora.decode/2
functions. These functions load the Avro schema for you.
If registry_url
defined, it enables Schema Registry storage. If the schema
file found locally but not in the registry, either fuction will register the schema.
These examples assume you have a Payment
schema stored in the file
priv/schemas/io/confluent/Payment.avsc
{
"type": "record",
"name": "Payment",
"namespace": "io.confluent",
"fields": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "amount",
"type": "double"
}
]
}
When running interactively, first make sure the cache started
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
To encode a Payment
message:
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
message = %{"id" => "tx-1", "amount" => 15.99}
{:ok, encoded} = Avrora.encode(message, schema_name: "io.confluent.Payment")
<<79, 98, 106, 1, 3, 204, 2, 20, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 99, 111, 100, 101, 99,
8, 110, 117, 108, 108, 22, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 115, 99, 104, 101, 109, 97,
144, 2, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 115, 112, 97, 99, 101, 34, 58, 34, 105,
111, 46, 99, 111, 110, 102, 108, 117, 101, 110, 116, 34, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109,
101, 34, 58, 34, 80, 97, 121, 109, 101, 110, 116, 34, 44, 34, 116, 121, 112,
101, 34, 58, 34, 114, 101, 99, 111, 114, 100, 34, 44, 34, 102, 105, 101, 108,
100, 115, 34, 58, 91, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 105, 100, 34,
44, 34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34, 58, 34, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 34, 125,
44, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 97, 109, 111, 117, 110, 116, 34,
44, 34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34, 58, 34, 100, 111, 117, 98, 108, 101, 34, 125,
93, 125, 0, 138, 124, 66, 49, 157, 51, 242, 3, 33, 52, 161, 147, 221, 174,
114, 48, 2, 26, 8, 116, 120, 45, 49, 123, 20, 174, 71, 225, 250, 47, 64, 138,
124, 66, 49, 157, 51, 242, 3, 33, 52, 161, 147, 221, 174, 114, 48>>
The :format
argument controls output format:
:plain
deprecated v0.18 - Just return Avro binary data, with no header or embedded schema:ocf
- Use Object Container File format, embedding the full schema with the data:registry
- Write data with Confluent Schema Registry Wire Format, which prefixes the data with the schema id:guess
- Use:registry
if possible, otherwise use:ocf
(default)
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
message = %{"id" => "tx-1", "amount" => 15.99}
{:ok, encoded} = Avrora.encode(message, schema_name: "io.confluent.Payment", format: :registry)
<<0, 0, 42, 0, 8, 116, 120, 45, 49, 123, 20, 174, 71, 225, 250, 47, 64>>
Decode Payment
message using the specified schema
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
message = <<0, 0, 42, 0, 8, 116, 120, 45, 49, 123, 20, 174, 71, 225, 250, 47, 64>>
{:ok, decoded} = Avrora.decode(message, schema_name: "io.confluent.Payment")
%{"id" => "tx-1", "amount" => 15.99}
Decode a message, auto-detecting the schema using magic bytes. It first tries resolving the schema using the integer id in the wire format header.
Next it tries reading using the Object Container Files embedded schema.
NOTE: Messages encoded with OCF wrapped in a List.
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
message =
<<79, 98, 106, 1, 3, 204, 2, 20, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 99, 111, 100, 101, 99,
8, 110, 117, 108, 108, 22, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 115, 99, 104, 101, 109, 97,
144, 2, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 115, 112, 97, 99, 101, 34, 58, 34, 105,
111, 46, 99, 111, 110, 102, 108, 117, 101, 110, 116, 34, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109,
101, 34, 58, 34, 80, 97, 121, 109, 101, 110, 116, 34, 44, 34, 116, 121, 112,
101, 34, 58, 34, 114, 101, 99, 111, 114, 100, 34, 44, 34, 102, 105, 101, 108,
100, 115, 34, 58, 91, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 105, 100, 34, 44,
34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34, 58, 34, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 34, 125, 44,
123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 97, 109, 111, 117, 110, 116, 34, 44,
34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34, 58, 34, 100, 111, 117, 98, 108, 101, 34, 125, 93,
125, 0, 84, 229, 97, 195, 95, 74, 85, 204, 143, 132, 4, 241, 94, 197, 178, 106,
2, 26, 8, 116, 120, 45, 49, 123, 20, 174, 71, 225, 250, 47, 64, 84, 229, 97,
195, 95, 74, 85, 204, 143, 132, 4, 241, 94, 197, 178, 106>>
{:ok, decoded} = Avrora.decode(message)
[%{"id" => "tx-1", "amount" => 15.99}]
💡 Due to possible collision of the :plain
format and :registry
via magic-like
byte sequence it's recommendedv0.18 to use Avrora.decode_plain/2
and Avrora.encode_plain/2
if
you are working with :plain
format (see in all available functions).
🔍 Click to expand for all available functions
Decode a message encoded in a :plain
format.
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
message = <<8, 116, 120, 45, 49, 123, 20, 174, 71, 225, 250, 47, 64>>
{:ok, decoded} = Avrora.decode(message, schema_name: "io.confluent.Payment")
%{"id" => "tx-1", "amount" => 15.99}
Encode a payload in a :plain
format.
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
message = %{"id" => "tx-1", "amount" => 15.99}
{:ok, encoded} = Avrora.encode(message, schema_name: "io.confluent.Payment")
<<8, 116, 120, 45, 49, 123, 20, 174, 71, 225, 250, 47, 64>>
Extracts a schema from the encoded message, useful when you would like to have some metadata about the schema used to encode the message. All the retrieved schemas will be cached accordingly to the settings.
{:ok, pid} = Avrora.start_link()
message =
<<79, 98, 106, 1, 3, 204, 2, 20, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 99, 111, 100, 101, 99,
8, 110, 117, 108, 108, 22, 97, 118, 114, 111, 46, 115, 99, 104, 101, 109, 97,
144, 2, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 115, 112, 97, 99, 101, 34, 58, 34, 105,
111, 46, 99, 111, 110, 102, 108, 117, 101, 110, 116, 34, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109,
101, 34, 58, 34, 80, 97, 121, 109, 101, 110, 116, 34, 44, 34, 116, 121, 112,
101, 34, 58, 34, 114, 101, 99, 111, 114, 100, 34, 44, 34, 102, 105, 101, 108,
100, 115, 34, 58, 91, 123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 105, 100, 34, 44,
34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34, 58, 34, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 34, 125, 44,
123, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, 97, 109, 111, 117, 110, 116, 34, 44,
34, 116, 121, 112, 101, 34, 58, 34, 100, 111, 117, 98, 108, 101, 34, 125, 93,
125, 0, 84, 229, 97, 195, 95, 74, 85, 204, 143, 132, 4, 241, 94, 197, 178, 106,
2, 26, 8, 116, 120, 45, 49, 123, 20, 174, 71, 225, 250, 47, 64, 84, 229, 97,
195, 95, 74, 85, 204, 143, 132, 4, 241, 94, 197, 178, 106>>
{:ok, schema} = Avrora.extract_schema(message)
{:ok,
%Avrora.Schema{
full_name: "io.confluent.Payment",
id: nil,
json: "{\"namespace\":\"io.confluent\",\"name\":\"Payment\",\"type\":\"record\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"id\",\"type\":\"string\"},{\"name\":\"amount\",\"type\":\"double\"}]}",
lookup_table: #Reference<0.146116641.3853647878.152744>,
version: nil
}}
There are two ways you can register AVRO schemas if you have disabled auto-registration.
If you want to make it a part of your code, but with better control, you can use
Avrora.Utils.Registrar
module and if you want to embed it in the deployment use
a mix task avrora.reg.schema
.
Avrora.Utils.Registrarv0.16
This module is cache-aware and thus it can be used inside intensive loops if needed. It provides two ways to register schema:
- by name, then it will be resolved to a file with library conventions
- by schema, then a given schema will be used without any disk reads
But keep in mind that either way has a memory check to ensure that schema was not
registered before and to bypass this check you have to use force: true
flag
{:ok, schema} = Avrora.Utils.Registrar.register_schema_by_name("io.confluent.Payment", force: true)
In addition, any schema can be registered under different subject via as: "NewName"
option
{:ok, schema} = Avrora.Storage.File.get("io.confluent.Payment")
{:ok, schema_with_id} = Avrora.Utils.Registrar.register_schema(schema, as: "NewName")
mix avrora.reg.schemav0.12
A separate mix task to register a specific schema or all found schemas in schemas folder (see configuration section).
For instance, if you configure Avrora schemas folder to be at ./priv/schemas
and you want to register a schema io/confluent/Payment.avsc
then you can use
this command
$ mix avrora.reg.schema --name io.confluent.Payment
schema `io.confluent.Payment' will be registered
In addition, any schema can be registered under different subject via --as
optionv0.16
$ mix avrora.reg.schema --name io.confluent.Payment --as MyCustomName
schema `io.confluent.Payment' will be registered as `MyCustomName'
If you would like to register all schemas found under ./priv/schemas
then you
can simply execute this command
$ mix avrora.reg.schema --all
schema `io.confluent.Payment' will be registered
schema `io.confluent.Wrong' will be skipped due to an error `argument error'