Official PyTorch implementation of "Proxy Synthesis: Learning with Synthetic Classes for Deep Metric Learning" (AAAI 2021)
Geonmo Gu*1, Byungsoo Ko*1, Han-Gyu Kim2 (* Authors contributed equally.)
1@NAVER/LINE Vision, 2@NAVER Clova Speech
- Paper | Presentation Video | PPT | Poster
- Proxy Synthesis (PS) is a novel regularizer for any softmax variants and proxy-based losses in deep metric learning.
- Proxy Synthesis exploits synthetic classes and improves generalization by considering class relations and obtaining smooth decision boundaries.
- Synthetic classes mimic unseen classes during training phase as described in below Figure.
- Proxy Synthesis improves performance for every loss and benchmark dataset.
- Clone the repository locally
$ git clone https://github.com/navervision/proxy-synthesis
- Create conda virtual environment
$ conda create -n proxy_synthesis python=3.7 anaconda
$ conda activate proxy_synthesis
- Install pytorch
- Install pytorch according to your CUDA version
$ conda install pytorch torchvision cudatoolkit=<YOUR_CUDA_VERSION> -c pytorch
- Install faiss
- We use faiss library for faster evaluation
- Install faiss according to your CUDA version
$ conda install faiss-gpu cudatoolkit=<YOUR_CUDA_VERSION> -c pytorch
- Install requirements
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
- Download CARS196 dataset and unzip
$ wget http://imagenet.stanford.edu/internal/car196/car_ims.tgz
$ tar zxvf car_ims.tgz -C ./dataset
- Rearrange CARS196 directory by following structure
# Dataset structure
/dataset/carDB/
train/
class1/
img1.jpeg
class2/
img2.jpeg
test/
class1/
img3.jpeg
class2/
img4.jpeg
# Rearrange dataset structure
$ python dataset/prepare_cars.py
# Norm-SoftMax
$ python main.py --gpu=0 \
--save_path=./logs/CARS196_norm_softmax \
--data=./dataset/carDB --data_name=cars196 \
--dim=512 --batch_size=128 --epochs=130 \
--freeze_BN --loss=Norm_SoftMax \
--decay_step=50 --decay_stop=50 --n_instance=1 \
--scale=23.0 --check_epoch=5
# PS + Norm-SoftMax
$ python main.py --gpu=0 \
--save_path=./logs/CARS196_PS_norm_softmax \
--data=./dataset/carDB --data_name=cars196 \
--dim=512 --batch_size=128 --epochs=130 \
--freeze_BN --loss=Norm_SoftMax \
--decay_step=50 --decay_stop=50 --n_instance=1 \
--scale=23.0 --check_epoch=5 \
--ps_alpha=0.40 --ps_mu=1.0
# Proxy-NCA
$ python main.py --gpu=0 \
--save_path=./logs/CARS196_proxy_nca \
--data=./dataset/carDB --data_name=cars196 \
--dim=512 --batch_size=128 --epochs=130 \
--freeze_BN --loss=Proxy_NCA \
--decay_step=50 --decay_stop=50 --n_instance=1 \
--scale=12.0 --check_epoch=5
# PS + Proxy-NCA
$ python main.py --gpu=0 \
--save_path=./logs/CARS196_PS_proxy_nca \
--data=./dataset/carDB --data_name=cars196 \
--dim=512 --batch_size=128 --epochs=130 \
--freeze_BN --loss=Proxy_NCA \
--decay_step=50 --decay_stop=50 --n_instance=1 \
--scale=12.0 --check_epoch=5 \
--ps_alpha=0.40 --ps_mu=1.0
$ tensorboard --logdir=logs --port=10000
- We report Recall@1, RP and MAP performances of each loss, which are trained with CARS196 dataset for 8 runs.
Loss | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Mean ± std |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norm-SoftMax | 83.38 | 83.25 | 83.25 | 83.18 | 83.05 | 82.90 | 82.83 | 82.79 | 83.08 ± 0.21 |
PS + Norm-SoftMax | 84.69 | 84.58 | 84.45 | 84.35 | 84.22 | 83.95 | 83.91 | 83.89 | 84.25 ± 0.31 |
Proxy-NCA | 83.74 | 83.69 | 83.62 | 83.32 | 83.06 | 83.00 | 82.97 | 82.84 | 83.28 ± 0.36 |
PS + Proxy-NCA | 84.52 | 84.39 | 84.32 | 84.29 | 84.22 | 84.12 | 83.94 | 83.88 | 84.21 ± 0.21 |
Loss | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Mean ± std |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norm-SoftMax | 35.85 | 35.51 | 35.28 | 35.28 | 35.24 | 34.95 | 34.87 | 34.84 | 35.23 ± 0.34 |
PS + Norm-SoftMax | 37.01 | 36.98 | 36.92 | 36.74 | 36.74 | 36.73 | 36.54 | 36.45 | 36.76 ± 0.20 |
Proxy-NCA | 36.08 | 35.85 | 35.79 | 35.66 | 35.66 | 35.63 | 35.47 | 35.43 | 35.70 ± 0.21 |
PS + Proxy-NCA | 36.97 | 36.84 | 36.72 | 36.64 | 36.63 | 36.60 | 36.43 | 36.41 | 36.66 ± 0.18 |
Loss | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Mean ± std |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norm-SoftMax | 25.56 | 25.56 | 25.00 | 24.93 | 24.90 | 24.59 | 24.57 | 24.56 | 24.92 ± 0.35 |
PS + Norm-SoftMax | 26.71 | 26.67 | 26.65 | 26.56 | 26.53 | 26.52 | 26.30 | 26.17 | 26.51 ± 0.18 |
Proxy-NCA | 25.66 | 25.52 | 25.37 | 25.36 | 25.33 | 25.26 | 25.22 | 25.04 | 25.35 ± 0.18 |
PS + Proxy-NCA | 26.77 | 26.63 | 26.50 | 26.42 | 26.37 | 26.31 | 26.25 | 26.12 | 26.42 ± 0.20 |
- Below figure shows performance graph of test set during training.
If you find Proxy Synthesis useful in your research, please consider to cite the following paper.
@inproceedings{gu2020proxy,
title={Proxy Synthesis: Learning with Synthetic Classes for Deep Metric Learning},
author={Geonmo Gu, Byungsoo Ko, and Han-Gyu Kim},
booktitle={Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
year={2021}
}
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