ImageProcessing

Provides higher-level image processing helpers that are commonly needed when handling image uploads.

This gem can process images with either ImageMagick/GraphicsMagick or libvips libraries. ImageMagick is a good default choice, especially if you are migrating from another gem or library that uses ImageMagick. Libvips is a newer library that can process images very rapidly (often multiple times faster than ImageMagick).

Goal

The goal of this project is to have a single gem that contains all the helper methods needed to resize and process images.

Currently, existing attachment gems (like Paperclip, CarrierWave, Refile, Dragonfly, ActiveStorage, and others) implement their own custom image helper methods. But why? That's not very DRY, is it?

Let's be honest. Image processing is a dark, mysterious art. So we want to combine every great idea from all of these separate gems into a single awesome library that is constantly updated with best-practice thinking about how to resize and process images.

Installation

Install ImageMagick and/or libvips:

In a Mac terminal:

  $ brew install imagemagick vips

In a debian/ubuntu terminal:

  $ sudo apt install imagemagick libvips

Add the gem to your Gemfile:

gem "image_processing", "~> 1.0"

Usage

Processing is performed through ImageProcessing::Vips or ImageProcessing::MiniMagick modules. Both modules share the same chainable API for defining the processing pipeline:

require "image_processing/mini_magick"

processed = ImageProcessing::MiniMagick
  .source(file)
  .resize_to_limit(400, 400)
  .convert("png")
  .call

processed #=> #<Tempfile:/var/folders/.../image_processing20180316-18446-1j247h6.png>

This allows easy branching when generating multiple derivates:

require "image_processing/vips"

pipeline = ImageProcessing::Vips
  .source(file)
  .convert("png")

large  = pipeline.resize_to_limit!(800, 800)
medium = pipeline.resize_to_limit!(500, 500)
small  = pipeline.resize_to_limit!(300, 300)

The processing is executed on #call or when a processing method is called with a bang (!).

processed = ImageProcessing::MiniMagick
  .convert("png")
  .resize_to_limit(400, 400)
  .call(image)

# OR

processed = ImageProcessing::MiniMagick
  .source(image) # declare source image
  .convert("png")
  .resize_to_limit(400, 400)
  .call

# OR

processed = ImageProcessing::MiniMagick
  .source(image)
  .convert("png")
  .resize_to_limit!(400, 400) # bang method

You can inspect the pipeline options at any point before executing it:

pipeline = ImageProcessing::MiniMagick
  .source(image)
  .loader(page: 1)
  .convert("png")
  .resize_to_limit(400, 400)
  .strip

pipeline.options
# => {:source=>#<File:/path/to/source.jpg>,
#     :loader=>{:page=>1},
#     :saver=>{},
#     :format=>"png",
#     :operations=>[[:resize_to_limit, [400, 400]], [:strip, []]],
#     :processor_class=>ImageProcessing::MiniMagick::Processor}

The source object needs to responds to #path, or be a String, a Pathname, or a Vips::Image/MiniMagick::Tool object. Note that the processed file is always saved to a new location, in-place processing is not supported.

ImageProcessing::Vips.source(File.open("source.jpg"))
ImageProcessing::Vips.source("source.jpg")
ImageProcessing::Vips.source(Pathname.new("source.jpg"))
ImageProcessing::Vips.source(Vips::Image.new_from_file("source.jpg"))

When #call is called without options, the result of processing is a Tempfile object. You can save the processing result to a specific location by passing :destination to #call, or pass save: false to retrieve the raw Vips::Image/MiniMagick::Tool object.

pipeline = ImageProcessing::Vips.source(image)

pipeline.call #=> #<Tempfile ...>
pipeline.call(save: false) #=> #<Vips::Image ...>
pipeline.call(destination: "/path/to/destination")

You can continue reading the API documentation for specific modules:

ImageProcessing::Vips
ImageProcessing::MiniMagick

See the wiki for additional "How To" guides for common scenarios. The wiki is publicly editable, so you're encouraged to add your own guides.

Instrumentation

You can register an #instrumenter block for a given pipeline, which will wrap the pipeline execution, allowing you to record performance metrics.

pipeline = ImageProcessing::Vips.instrumenter do |**options, &processing|
  options[:source]     #=> #<File:...>
  options[:loader]     #=> { fail: true }
  options[:saver]      #=> { quality: 85 }
  options[:format]     #=> "png"
  options[:operations] #=> [[:resize_to_limit, 500, 500], [:flip, [:horizontal]]]
  options[:processor]  #=> ImageProcessing::Vips::Processor

  ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("process.image_processing", **options) do
    processing.call # calls the pipeline
  end
end

pipeline
  .source(image)
  .loader(fail: true)
  .saver(quality: 85)
  .convert("png")
  .resize_to_limit(500, 500)
  .flip(:horizontal)
  .call # calls instrumenter

Contributing

Our test suite requires both imagemagick and libvips libraries to be installed.

In a Mac terminal:

$ brew install imagemagick vips

In a debian/ubuntu terminal:

sudo apt install imagemagick libvips

Afterwards you can run tests with

$ bundle exec rake test

Feedback

We welcome your feedback! What would you like to see added to image_processing? How can we improve this gem? Open an issue and let us know!

Credits

The ImageProcessing::MiniMagick functionality was extracted from refile-mini_magick. The chainable interface was heavily inspired by HTTP.rb.

License

MIT

binhly/image_processing