The aim is to demonstrate a running docker container with a spring boot standalone web service thus, I've written the web service with Spring Boot as simple. For intensive a complete web service example with Spring Boot, you can check out my other repository which is spring-boot-restful-web-service-example .
- 0 Spring Boot Web Service
- 1 Dockerfile
- 2 Building The Image
- 3 Running And Testing The Docker Container
- 4 Getting Inside The Docker Container
- 5 Stopping The Docker Container
- 6 Cheat Sheet
The web service we are using in this example is kept as simple as possible for the simplicity of demonstrating how to run a docker container. It has a simple controller class which is quite straight-forward as it is obvious: HelloController
The key thing using a standalone Spring Boot application is to create a Fat Jar, also known as Uber Jar. In order to create the Uber Jar, there are two things to be done;
- Add an start-class to point to the class acting as the Entry Point as the example below. The reason we are doing so is, we need to reference the .jar file in the Dockerfile;
<properties>
<start-class>com.levo.dockerexample.DockerApp</start-class>
</properties>
In our example, you will see the properties as below in the pom.xml file.
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<start-class>com.levo.dockerexample.DockerApp</start-class>
</properties>
- The second thing is, we need to know the name of our Fat Jar (a.k.a. Uber Jar). In order to do that, we use define the final name under build section of our pom.xml file as below;
<build>
<finalName>docker-java-app-example</finalName>
...
...
</build>
In our example, the build section is as below;
<build>
<finalName>docker-java-app-example</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
As we create our Fat Jar (a.k.a. Uber Jar) and we define the final name of our jar, we are all set and we can write the Dockerfile.
With the Dockerfile we can define, configure and initialize our image and container. In Dockerfile we can define;
- Which image we are going to use. We need a docker image that has the OpenJDK and thus we are going to use Alpine;
FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
- Which shell we are going to have. I prefer Bash which I find easy to use;
RUN apk update && apk add bash
- The working directory our app is going to run. The name of the working directory will be app;
WORKDIR /app
- The files we need to copy into our image. We will need only the Uber Jar file so let's copy it into the working dir;
COPY /target/docker-java-app-example.jar /app
- The port number(s) that we need to expose to reach out from the container. Spring Boot default port is 8080;
EXPOSE 8080
- The commands that we need to run as the container goes live. And we need to add simply "java -jar <jar_file>.jar" format;
CMD ["java", "-jar", "docker-java-app-example.jar"]
Notify that the CMD(command) parameters are separated with comma.
Then our Dockerfile will be as below;
# Use an official OpenJDK runtime as a parent image
FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
# set shell to bash
# source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/40944512/3128926
RUN apk update && apk add bash
# Set the working directory to /app
WORKDIR /app
# Copy the fat jar into the container at /app
COPY /target/docker-java-app-example.jar /app
# Make port 8080 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 8080
# Run jar file when the container launches
CMD ["java", "-jar", "docker-java-app-example.jar"]
Now our Dockerfile is all set, we can directly build the image.
Before building the image, we need to create the Uber Jar (aka Fat Jar) file, to do so, just clean install with maven as below;
mvn clean install
Now our Uber Jar file is created under the target folder with the format: "target/<final_name>.jar" (or .war based on package in .pom file)
To build the image, we will use docker build command and tag it. The last parameter will be the directory, by using dot ("."), we point to the current directory. So you must run this command on the top level directory of this repository.
docker build --tag=docker-java-hello-world-app .
As you run the command which is written above, a successful example output will be as below;
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>docker build --tag=docker-java-hello-world-app .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 16.85MB
Step 1/6 : FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
---> 7e72a7dcf7dc
Step 2/6 : RUN apk update && apk add bash
---> Running in 66ebd9812836
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.8/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.8/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
v3.8.2-21-g54952ee375 [http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.8/main]
v3.8.2-21-g54952ee375 [http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.8/community]
OK: 9546 distinct packages available
(1/5) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.1_p20180818-r1)
(2/5) Installing ncurses-terminfo (6.1_p20180818-r1)
(3/5) Installing ncurses-libs (6.1_p20180818-r1)
(4/5) Installing readline (7.0.003-r0)
(5/5) Installing bash (4.4.19-r1)
Executing bash-4.4.19-r1.post-install
Executing busybox-1.28.4-r2.trigger
OK: 91 MiB in 57 packages
Removing intermediate container 66ebd9812836
---> fa54653163af
Step 3/6 : WORKDIR /app
---> Running in c94cbad8627a
Removing intermediate container c94cbad8627a
---> 5a58ac387fe7
Step 4/6 : COPY /target/docker-java-app-example.jar /app
---> aa5930ee4a75
Step 5/6 : EXPOSE 8080
---> Running in 851b519d4514
Removing intermediate container 851b519d4514
---> 210ed5d1dc3f
Step 6/6 : CMD ["java", "-jar", "docker-java-app-example.jar"]
---> Running in 55b84275e095
Removing intermediate container 55b84275e095
---> a0c355a25236
Successfully built a0c355a25236
Successfully tagged docker-java-hello-world-app:latest
SECURITY WARNING: You are building a Docker image from Windows against a non-Windows Docker host. All files and directories added to build context will have '-rwxr-xr-x' permissions. It is recommended to double check and reset permissions for sensitive files and directories.
After the image is built, you can check it with the docker image ls command. An example is as below;
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker-java-hello-world-app latest a0c355a25236 About a minute ago 105MB
openjdk 8-jre-alpine 7e72a7dcf7dc 5 days ago 83.1MB
Now we have our docker image ready however, we need to run a container based on our image. We can simply run our docker container as below;
docker run -p 80:8080 docker-java-hello-world-app
The format is simple;
docker run -p <external-port>:<internal-port> <image-name>
The parameter p stands for the port. External port is the port that will be available outside of the docker container. The internal port is the port that will be available inside the docker container, which is 8080 because the default port of Spring Boot is set to 8080. So outside of the Docker Container, we will use the port number 80, and it is mapped to 8080 and will reach to the Spring Boot application.
As you run the command, you can open up your browser, you can go to this url http://localhost:80/docker-java-app/test
Then you will see the container is returning the string message with date as below;
While our container is running, we can get inside the running container for different purposes like checking out the logging, configuration and other stuff. Before getting inside the container, we need to know the container id of our container. To do so, let's first list the running containers with the following command;
docker container ls
A successful output example is as below;
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
159c3ee8ef39 docker-java-hello-world-app "java -jar docker-ja…" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp adoring_jackson
You can see the container id on the left-most part of the output. For this example, the container id is "159c3ee8ef39". Each container will have a different hash, so when you run it, it will be different. We are going to use this container id to get into the docker container as below;
docker exec -it <container_id> /bin/bash
The "/bin/bash" at the end denotes that we are going to use bash shell, which our image has.
A successful output is as below;
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>docker exec -it 159c3ee8ef39 /bin/bash
bash-4.4# pwd
/app
bash-4.4# ls
docker-java-app-example.jar
bash-4.4# ps -ef
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:08 java -jar docker-java-app-example.jar
45 root 0:00 /bin/bash
53 root 0:00 ps -ef
bash-4.4# exit
exit
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>
As you can see, the commands "pwd", "ls" and "ps -ef" successfully ran. We can see that our jar file stand in the "app" folder as we have configured in our Dockerfile. We can easily exit with the "exit" command.
To stop the docker container, we are going to use this command;
docker stop <container_id>
It is as simple as that. Remember that when we ran the docker container, we have the Spring Boot output. I'm using windows while writing this repository and if you hit ctrl+c, even if you are out of the scope of the logging output of Spring Boot, the container is still alive. To stop it, you have to use the command above. A successful example is as below;
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
159c3ee8ef39 docker-java-hello-world-app "java -jar docker-ja…" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp adoring_jackson
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>docker container stop 159c3ee8ef39
159c3ee8ef39
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
C:\00_ANA\JavaEE\WS\docker-java-app-example>
- Maven install to create the fat jar
mvn clean install
- Docker build
docker build --tag=docker-java-hello-world-app .
- Docker run
docker run -p 80:8080 docker-java-hello-world-app
- Test the app
http://localhost/docker-java-app/test
- Get the container id
docker container ls
- Get into the app
docker exec -it <container_id> /bin/bash
- To stop the container
docker container stop <container_id>