If you'd like to try directly from the Dockerfile you can build the image as:
docker build -t sysk/hadoop:2.8.0 .
The image is also released as an official Docker image from Docker's automated build repository - you can always pull or refer the image when launching containers.
docker pull sysk/hadoop:2.8.0
In order to use the Docker image you have just build or pulled use:
Make sure that SELinux is disabled on the host. If you are using boot2docker you don't need to do anything.
docker run -it sysk/hadoop:2.8.0 /etc/bootstrap.sh -bash
You can run one of the stock examples:
cd $HADOOP_PREFIX
# run the mapreduce
bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.8.0.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
# check the output
bin/hdfs dfs -cat output/*