cfra/dj-database-url

Use Database URLs in your Django Application.

DJ-Database-URL

This simple Django utility allows you to utilize the 12factor inspired DATABASE_URL environment variable to configure your Django application.

The dj_database_url.config method returns a Django database connection dictionary, populated with all the data specified in your URL. There is also a conn_max_age argument to easily enable Django's connection pool.

If you'd rather not use an environment variable, you can pass a URL in directly instead to dj_database_url.parse.

Supported Databases

Support currently exists for PostgreSQL, PostGIS, MySQL, MySQL (GIS), Oracle, Oracle (GIS), Redshift, CockroachDB, Timescale, Timescale (GIS) and SQLite.

Installation

Installation is simple:

$ pip install dj-database-url

Usage

1. If DATABASES is already defined:

• Configure your database in settings.py from DATABASE_URL:

  import dj_database_url
  
  DATABASES['default'] = dj_database_url.config(conn_max_age=600)
  

• Provide a default:

  DATABASES['default'] = dj_database_url.config(default='postgres://...')
  

• Parse an arbitrary Database URL:

  DATABASES['default'] = dj_database_url.parse('postgres://...', conn_max_age=600)
  

2. If DATABASES is not defined:

• Configure your database in settings.py from DATABASE_URL:

  import dj_database_url
  
  DATABASES = {'default': dj_database_url.config(conn_max_age=600)}
  

• Provide a default:

  DATABASES = {'default': dj_database_url.config(default='postgres://...')}
  

• Parse an arbitrary Database URL:

  DATABASES = {'default': dj_database_url.parse('postgres://...', conn_max_age=600)}
  

The conn_max_age attribute is the lifetime of a database connection in seconds and is available in Django 1.6+. If you do not set a value, it will default to 0 which is Django's historical behavior of using a new database connection on each request. Use None for unlimited persistent connections.

Strings passed to dj_database_url must be valid URLs; in particular, special characters must be url-encoded. The following url will raise a ValueError:

postgres://user:p#ssword!@localhost/foobar

and should instead be passed as:

postgres://user:p%23ssword!@localhost/foobar

URL schema

Engine	Django Backend	URL
PostgreSQL	django.db.backends.postgresql [1]	postgres://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME [2]
PostGIS	django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis	postgis://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
MSSQL	sql_server.pyodbc	mssql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
MSSQL [5]	mssql	mssqlms://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
MySQL	django.db.backends.mysql	mysql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
MySQL (GIS)	django.contrib.gis.db.backends.mysql	mysqlgis://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
SQLite	django.db.backends.sqlite3	sqlite:///PATH [3]
SpatiaLite	django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite	spatialite:///PATH [3]
Oracle	django.db.backends.oracle	oracle://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME [4]
Oracle (GIS)	django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle	oraclegis://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
Redshift	django_redshift_backend	redshift://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
CockroachDB	django_cockroachdb	cockroach://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
Timescale [6]	timescale.db.backends.postgresql	timescale://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
Timescale (GIS) [6]	timescale.db.backend.postgis	timescalegis://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME

[1]	The django.db.backends.postgresql backend is named django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2 in older releases. For backwards compatibility, the old name still works in newer versions. (The new name does not work in older versions).

[2]	With PostgreSQL, you can also use unix domain socket paths with percent encoding: postgres://%2Fvar%2Flib%2Fpostgresql/dbname.

[3]	(1, 2) SQLite connects to file based databases. The same URL format is used, omitting the hostname, and using the "file" portion as the filename of the database. This has the effect of four slashes being present for an absolute file path: sqlite:////full/path/to/your/database/file.sqlite.

[4]	Note that when connecting to Oracle the URL isn't in the form you may know from using other Oracle tools (like SQLPlus) i.e. user and password are separated by : not by /. Also you can omit HOST and PORT and provide a full DSN string or TNS name in NAME part.

[5]	Microsoft official mssql-django adapter.

[6]	(1, 2) Using the django-timescaledb Package which must be installed.

Contributing

We welcome contributions to this project. Projects can take two forms:

1. Raising issues or helping others through the github issue tracker.
2. Contributing code.

Raising Issues or helping others:

When submitting an issue or helping other remember you are talking to humans who have feelings, jobs and lives of their own. Be nice, be kind, be polite. Remember english may not be someone first language, if you do not understand or something is not clear be polite and re-ask/ re-word.

Contributing code:

• Before writing code be sure to check existing PR's and issues in the tracker.
• Write code to the pylint spec.
• Large or wide sweeping changes will take longer, and may face more scrutiny than smaller confined changes.
• Code should be pass black and flake8 validation.