Hasql is a highly efficient PostgreSQL driver and a mapping API. It targets both the users, who need a low level of abstraction, and the users, who face the typical tasks of DB-powered applications, providing them with higher-level APIs.
Hasql is not just a single library, it is a granular ecosystem of composable libraries, each isolated to perform its own task and stay simple.
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"hasql" - the root of the ecosystem, which provides the essential abstraction over the PostgreSQL client functionality and mapping of values. Everything else revolves around that library.
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"hasql-th" - Template Haskell utilities, providing compile-time syntax checking and easy statement declaration.
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"hasql-transaction" - an STM-inspired composable abstraction over database transactions providing automated conflict resolution.
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"hasql-dynamic-statements" - a toolkit for generating statements based on the parameters.
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"hasql-cursor-query" - a declarative abstraction over cursors.
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"hasql-cursor-transaction" - a lower-level abstraction over cursors, which however allows to fetch from multiple cursors simultaneously. Generally though "hasql-cursor-query" is the recommended alternative.
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"hasql-pool" - a Hasql-specialized abstraction over the connection pool.
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"hasql-migration" - A port of postgresql-simple-migration for use with hasql.
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"hasql-optparse-applicative" - "optparse-applicative" parsers for Hasql.
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"hasql-implicits" - implicit definitions, such as default codecs for standard types.
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Simplicity. Each library in isolation provides a simple API, which is hopefully easier to comprehend.
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Flexibility and composability. The user picks and chooses the features, thus precisely matching the level of abstraction that he needs for his task.
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Much more stable and more descriptive semantic versioning. E.g., a change in the API of the "hasql-transaction" library won't affect any of the other libraries and it gives the user a more precise information about which part of his application he needs to update to conform.
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Interchangeability and competition of the ecosystem components. E.g., not everyone will agree with the restrictive design decisions made in the "hasql-transaction" library. However those decisions are not imposed on the user, and instead of having endless debates about how to abstract over transactions, another extension library can simply be released, which will provide a different interpretation of what the abstraction over transactions should be.
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Horizontal scalability of the ecosystem. Instead of posting feature- or pull-requests, the users are encouraged to release their own small extension-libraries, with themselves becoming the copyright owners and taking on the maintenance responsibilities. Compare this model to the classical one, where some core-team is responsible for everything. One is scalable, the other is not.
Following is a complete application, which performs some arithmetic in Postgres using Hasql.
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Prelude
import Data.Int
import Data.Functor.Contravariant
import Hasql.Session (Session)
import Hasql.Statement (Statement)
import qualified Hasql.Session as Session
import qualified Hasql.Connection as Connection
import qualified Hasql.TH as TH -- from "hasql-th"
main :: IO ()
main = do
Right connection <- Connection.acquire connectionSettings
result <- Session.run (sumAndDivModSession 3 8 3) connection
print result
where
connectionSettings = Connection.settings "localhost" 5432 "postgres" "" "postgres"
-- * Sessions
--
-- Session is an abstraction over the database connection and all possible errors.
-- It is used to execute statements.
-- It is composable and has a Monad instance.
--
-- It's recommended to define sessions in a dedicated 'Sessions'
-- submodule of your project.
-------------------------
sumAndDivModSession :: Int64 -> Int64 -> Int64 -> Session (Int64, Int64)
sumAndDivModSession a b c = do
-- Get the sum of a and b
sumOfAAndB <- Session.statement (a, b) sumStatement
-- Divide the sum by c and get the modulo as well
Session.statement (sumOfAAndB, c) divModStatement
-- * Statements
--
-- Statement is a definition of an individual SQL-statement,
-- accompanied by a specification of how to encode its parameters and
-- decode its result.
--
-- It's recommended to define statements in a dedicated 'Statements'
-- submodule of your project.
--
-- In the following code we use the extension library "hasql-th",
-- which generates statement definitions from SQL,
-- compile-time checking the syntax on the way.
-------------------------
sumStatement :: Statement (Int64, Int64) Int64
sumStatement =
[TH.singletonStatement|
select $1 :: int8 + $2 :: int8
|]
divModStatement :: Statement (Int64, Int64) (Int64, Int64)
divModStatement =
[TH.singletonStatement|
select
($1 :: int8) / ($2 :: int8),
($1 :: int8) % ($2 :: int8)
|]