(In the same folder as your source code):
FROM darrencrossley/craftcms:latest
COPY ./src/config /var/www/craft/config
COPY ./src/plugins /var/www/craft/plugins
COPY ./src/templates /var/www/craft/templates
COPY ./html /var/www/html
Your source code folder should have a html folder for public apache data and a src folder for craft data.
Mount volumes in the master image
e.g.
docker run -d -P --name crafty-site -v src/templates:/var/www/craft/templates -v src/config:/var/www/craft/config -v src/plugins:/var/www/craft/plugins -v html:/var/www/html darrencrossley/craftcms
You can now work locally while running a (more or less) production env.
Build your image using the above docker file snippet
if you use the bundled config you can set:
DB_HOST DB_NAME DB_PASS DB_PORT DB_USER
A lot.
Some kind of shared session handling would be good.
It also relies on an external database.
It probably wont work for you.