This repo contains binding extensions for the Azure WebJobs SDK. See the Azure WebJobs SDK repo for more information. The binding extensions in this repo are available as the Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions nuget package. Note: some of the extensions in this repo (like SendGrid, WebHooks, etc.) live in their own separate nuget packages following a standard naming scheme (e.g. Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.SendGrid). Also note that some of the features discussed here or in the wiki may still be in pre-release. To access those features you may need to pull the very latest pre-release packages from our "nightlies" package feed (instructions here).
The wiki contains information on how to author your own binding extensions. See the Binding Extensions Overview for more details. A sample project is also provided that demonstrates the bindings in action.
Extensions all follow the same "using" pattern for registration - after referencing the package the extension lives in, you call the corresponding "using" method to register the extension. These "using" methods are extension methods on JobHostConfiguration and often take optional configuration objects to customize the behavior of the extension. For example, the config.UseSendGrid(...) call below registers the SendGrid extension using the specified configuration options.
JobHostConfiguration config = new JobHostConfiguration();
config.Tracing.ConsoleLevel = TraceLevel.Verbose;
config.UseFiles();
config.UseTimers();
config.UseSendGrid(new SendGridConfiguration()
{
FromAddress = new MailAddress("orders@webjobssamples.com", "Order Processor")
});
config.UseWebHooks();
JobHost host = new JobHost(config);
host.RunAndBlock();##Extensions
The extensions included in this repo include the following. This is not an exhaustive list - see the ExtensionsSample project in this repo for more information extension samples.
###TimerTrigger
A fully featured Timer trigger for scheduled jobs that supports cron expressions, as well as other schedule expressions. A couple of examples:
// Runs once every 5 minutes
public static void CronJob([TimerTrigger("0 */5 * * * *")] TimerInfo timer)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cron job fired!");
}
// Runs immediately on startup, then every two hours thereafter
public static void StartupJob(
[TimerTrigger("0 0 */2 * * *", RunOnStartup = true)] TimerInfo timerInfo)
{
Console.WriteLine("Timer job fired!");
}
// Runs once every 30 seconds
public static void TimerJob([TimerTrigger("00:00:30")] TimerInfo timer)
{
Console.WriteLine("Timer job fired!");
}
// Runs on a custom schedule. You implement Type MySchedule which is called on to
// return the next occurrence time as needed
public static void CustomJob([TimerTrigger(typeof(MySchedule))] TimerInfo timer)
{
Console.WriteLine("Custom job fired!");
}The TimerTrigger also handles multi-instance scale out automatically - only a single instance of a particular timer function will be running across all instances (you don't want multiple instances to process the same timer event).
The first example above uses a cron expression to declare the schedule. Using these 6 fields {second} {minute} {hour} {day} {month} {day of the week} you can express arbitrarily complex schedules very concisely. Note: the 6 field format including seconds is less common, so in the various cron expression docs you find online you'll have to adjust for the extra field.
To register the Timer extensions, call config.UseTimers() in your startup code. For more information, see the TimerTrigger wiki page, and also the Timer samples.
###FileTrigger / File
A trigger that monitors for file additions/changes to a particular directory, and triggers a job function when they occur. Here's an example that monitors for any *.dat files added to a particular directory, uploads them to blob storage, and deletes the files automatically after successful processing. The FileTrigger also handles multi-instance scale out automatically - only a single instance will process a particular file event. Also included is a non-trigger File binding allowing you to bind to input/output files.
public static void ImportFile(
[FileTrigger(@"import\{name}", "*.dat", autoDelete: true)] Stream file,
[Blob(@"processed/{name}")] CloudBlockBlob output,
string name)
{
output.UploadFromStream(file);
file.Close();
log.WriteLine(string.Format("Processed input file '{0}'!", name));
}To register the File extensions, call config.UseFiles() in your startup code. For more information, see the File samples.
###SendGrid
A SendGrid binding that allows you to easily send emails after your job functions complete. This extension lives in the Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.SendGrid package. Simply add your SendGrid ApiKey as an app setting or environment variable (use setting name AzureWebJobsSendGridApiKey), and you can write functions like the below which demonstrates full route binding for message fields. In this scenario, an email is sent each time a new order is successfully placed. The message fields are automatically bound to the CustomerEmail/CustomerName/OrderId properties of the Order object that triggered the function.
public static void ProcessOrder(
[QueueTrigger(@"samples-orders")] Order order,
[SendGrid(
To = "{CustomerEmail}",
Subject = "Thanks for your order (#{OrderId})!",
Text = "{CustomerName}, we've received your order ({OrderId})!")]
SendGridMessage message)
{
// You can set additional message properties here
}Here's another example showing how you can easily send yourself notification mails to your own admin address when your jobs complete. In this case, the default To/From addresses come from the global SendGridConfiguration object specified on startup, so don't need to be specified.
public static void Purge(
[QueueTrigger(@"purge-tasks")] PurgeTask task,
[SendGrid(Subject = "Purge {Description} succeeded. Purged {Count} items")]
SendGridMessage message)
{
// Purge logic here
}The above messages are fully declarative, but you can also set the message properties in your job function code (e.g. add message attachments, etc.).
To register the SendGrid extensions, call config.UseSendGrid() in your startup code. For more information on the SendGrid binding, see the SendGrid samples.
###ErrorTrigger
An error trigger that allows you to annotate functions to be automatically called by the runtime when errors occur. This allows you to set up email/text/etc. notifications to alert you when things are going wrong with your jobs. Here's an example function that will be called whenever 10 errors occur within a 30 minute sliding window (throttled at a maximum of 1 notification per hour):
public static void ErrorMonitor(
[ErrorTrigger("0:30:00", 10, Throttle = "1:00:00")] TraceFilter filter,
TextWriter log)
{
// send Text notification using IFTTT
string body = string.Format("{{ \"value1\": \"{0}\" }}", filter.Message);
HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, WebNotificationUri)
{
Content = new StringContent(body, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
};
HttpClient.SendAsync(request);
// log last 5 detailed errors to the Dashboard
log.WriteLine(filter.GetDetailedMessage(5));
}You can choose to send a alert text message to yourself, or a detailed email message, etc. The ErrorTrigger extension is part of the Core extensions can be registered on your JobHostConfiguration by calling config.UseCore(). In addition to setting up one or more global error handlers like the above, you can also specify function specific error handlers that will only handle erros for one function. This is done by naming convention based on an "ErrorHandler" suffix. For example, if your error function is named "ImportErrorHandler" and there is a function named "Import" in the same class, that error function will be scoped to errors for that function only:
public static void Import(
[FileTrigger(@"import\{name}")] Stream file,
[Blob(@"processed/{name}")] CloudBlockBlob output)
{
output.UploadFromStream(file);
}
public static void ImportErrorHandler(
[ErrorTrigger("1:00:00", 5)] TraceFilter filter,
TextWriter log)
{
// Here you could send an error notification, etc.
// log last 5 detailed errors to the Dashboard
log.WriteLine(filter.GetDetailedMessage(3));
}To register the Error extensions, call config.UseCore() in your startup code. For more information see the Error Monitoring wiki page, as well as the the Error Monitoring Sample.
###Core Extensions
There are a set of triggers/bindings that can be registered by calling config.UseCore(). The Core extensions contain a set of general purpose bindings. For example, the ErrorTrigger binding discussed in its own section above is part of the Core extension. There is also a binding for ExecutionContext which allows you to access invocation specific system information in your function. Here's an example showing how to access the function Invocation ID for the function:
public static void ProcessOrder(
[QueueTrigger("orders")] Order order,
TextWriter log,
ExecutionContext context)
{
log.WriteLine("InvocationId: {0}", context.InvocationId);
}The invocation ID is used in the Dashboard logs, so having access to this programatically allows you to correlate an invocation to those logs. This might be useful if you're also logging to your own external system. To register the Core extensions, call config.Core() in your startup code.
###Azure Mobile Apps
A binding that allows you to easily create, read, and update records from an Azure Mobile App. This extension lives in Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.MobileApps nuget package. To configure the binding, add the Mobile App's URI (like https://{yourapp}.azurewebsites.net) as an app setting or environment variable using the setting name AzureWebJobsMobileAppUri.
By default, the binding will only be able to interact with Mobile App tables that are configured to be Anonymous. However, you can configure an Api Key on the Mobile App by following the Api Key sample for the Node SDK and the guide for the .NET SDK. Once your Api Key is properly configured for your Mobile App, you can configure your binding to use it by setting an app setting or environment variable with the name AzureWebJobsMobileAppApiKey.
In this scenario, a record is created in the Item table each time a message appears in the queue. This specific sample uses an anonymous type for the record, but it could also have used JObject or any other type with a public string Id property.
public static void MobileTableOutputSample(
[QueueTrigger("sample")] QueueData trigger,
[MobileTable(TableName = "Item")] out object item)
{
item = new { Text = "some sample text" };
}The following sample performs a lookup based on the data in the queue trigger. The RecordId property value of the QueueData object is used to query the Item table of the Mobile App. If the record exists, it is provided in the item parameter. If not, the item parameter will be null. Inside the method, the item object is changed. This change is automatically sent back to the Mobile App when the method exits. This scenario uses the Item type, but it could also have used JObject or any type with a public string Id property.
public static void MobileTableInputSample(
[QueueTrigger("sample")] QueueData trigger,
[MobileTable(TableName = "Item", Id = "{RecordId}")] Item item)
{
// item will be null if the record is not found
if (item != null)
{
// Perform some processing...
item.IsProcessed = true;
}
}If you need more control over the interaction with your Mobile App, you can also use parameters of type IMobileServiceTable, IMobileServiceTable<T>, IMobileServiceTableQuery<T>, or even IMobileServiceClient. For example, the method below can be used to execute a more complex query against the Item table. Note that if you are using a type other than object or JObject, the TableName is not required as the underlying Mobile App Client SDK will determine the table name based on the type. However, if you need to use a table name that does not match your type, you can specify that name as the TableName and it will override the type name.
public static void MobileTableSample(
[QueueTrigger("sample")] QueueData trigger,
[MobileTable] IMobileServiceTable<Item> itemTable)
{
IEnumerable<Item> processedItems = await itemTable.CreateQuery()
.Where(i => i.IsProcessed && i.ProcessedAt < DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-5))
.ToListAsync();
foreach (Item i in processedItems)
{
await table.DeleteAsync(i);
}
}###DocumentDB
Use an Azure DocumentDB binding to easily create, read, and update JSON documents from a WebJob. This extension lives in Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.DocumentDB nuget package. To configure the binding, add the DocumentDB connection string as an app setting or environment variable using the setting name AzureWebJobsDocumentDBConnectionString.
By default, the collection and database must exist before the binding runs or it will throw an Exception. You can configure the binding to automatically create your datatabase and collection by setting CreateIfNotExists to true. This property only applies to out parameters. For input (lookup) scenarios, if the database or collection do not exist, the parameter is returned as null. To define a partition key for automatically-created collections, set the PartitionKey property. To control the throughput of the collection, set the CollectionThroughput property. For more information on partition keys and throughput, see Partitioning and scaling in Azure DocumentDB.
In this example, the newItem object is upserted into the ItemCollection collection of the ItemDb DocumentDB database. The collection will be automatically created if it does not exist, with a partition key of /mypartition and a throughput of 12000.
public static void InsertDocument(
[QueueTrigger("sample")] QueueData trigger,
[DocumentDB("ItemDb", "ItemCollection", CreateIfNotExists = true, PartitionKey = "/mypartition", CollectionThroughput = 12000)] out ItemDoc newItem)
{
newItem = new ItemDoc()
{
Text = "sample text"
};
}The following sample performs a lookup based on the data in the queue trigger. The DocumentId and PartitionKey properties value of the QueueData object are used to query the ItemCollection document collection. The PartitionKey property is optional and does not need to be specified unless your collection has a partition key. If the document exists, it is provided in the item parameter. If not, the item parameter will be null. Inside the method, the item object is changed. This change is automatically sent back to the document collection when the method exits.
public static void ReadDocument(
[QueueTrigger("sample")] QueueData trigger,
[DocumentDB("ItemDb", "ItemCollection", Id = "{DocumentId}", PartitionKey = "{PartitionKey}")] JObject item)
{
item["text"] = "Text changed!";
}If you need more control, you can also specify a parameter of type DocumentClient. The following example uses DocumentClient to query for all documents in ItemCollection and log their ids.
public static void DocumentClient(
[QueueTrigger("sample")] QueueData trigger,
[DocumentDB] DocumentClient client,
TraceWriter log)
{
var collectionUri = UriFactory.CreateDocumentCollectionUri("ItemDb", "ItemCollection");
var documents = client.CreateDocumentQuery(collectionUri);
foreach (Document d in documents)
{
log.Info(d.Id);
}
}###Azure Notification Hubs
An Azure Notification Hub binding allows you to easily send push notifications to any platform. This extension lives in Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.NotificationHubs nuget package. To configure the binding, add the NotificationHubs namespace connection string as an app setting or environment variable using the setting name AzureWebJobsNotificationHubsConnectionString and add the name of the NotificationHub as an app setting or environment variable using the setting name AzureWebJobsNotificationHubName.
Azure Notification Hub must be configured for the Platform Notifications Services (PNS) you want to use. For more information on configuring an Azure Notification Hub and developing a client applications that register for notifications, see [Getting started with Notification Hubs] (https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/notification-hubs-windows-store-dotnet-get-started/) and click your target client platform at the top.
The following sample sends windows toast notification when a new file is uploaded to a blob
public static void SendNotification(
[BlobTrigger("sample/{name}.{ext}")] Stream input, string name, string ext
[NotificationHub] out Notification notification)
{
string message = string.Format("File {0}.{1} uploaded to Blob container sample", name, ext);
string toastPayload = string.Format("<toast><visual><binding template=\"ToastText01\"><text id=\"1\">{0}</text></binding></visual></toast>", message);
notification = new WindowsNotification(toastPayload);
}Here's an example for sending [template notification] (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dn530748.aspx) to an userId [tag] (https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/notification-hubs-routing-tag-expressions/) in the queue trigger. The userId is a property value of the QueueData object.
public static void SendTemplateNotification(
[QueueTrigger("queue")] QueueData queueData,
[NotificationHub(TagExpression = "{userId}")] out string messageProperties)
{
messageProperties = "{\"message\":\"Hello\",\"location\":\"Redmond\"}";
}This project is under the benevolent umbrella of the .NET Foundation and is licensed under the MIT License
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.