PeachPy: A Python repository from dllhlx

Portable Efficient Assembly Code-generator in Higher-level Python (PeachPy)

PeachPy is a Python framework for writing high-performance assembly kernels.

PeachPy aims to simplify writing optimized assembly kernels while preserving all optimization opportunities of traditional assembly. Some PeachPy features:

Universal assembly syntax for Windows, Unix, and Golang assembly.
- PeachPy can directly generate ELF, MS COFF and Mach-O object files and assembly listings for Golang toolchain
Automatic adaption of function to different calling conventions and ABIs.
- Functions for different platforms can be generated from the assembly same source
- Supports Microsoft x64 ABI, System V x86-64 ABI (Linux and OS X), Linux x32 ABI, Native Client x86-64 SFI ABI, Golang AMD64 ABI, Golang AMD64p32 ABI
Automatic register allocation.
- PeachPy is flexible and lets mix auto-allocated and hardcoded registers in the same code.
Automation of routine tasks in assembly programming:
- Function prolog and epilog and generated by PeachPy
- De-duplication of data constants (e.g. Constant.float32x4(1.0))
- Analysis of ISA extensions used in a function
Supports x86-64 instructions up to AVX2 and SHA
- Including 3dnow!+, XOP, FMA3, FMA4, TBM and BMI2.
- Excluding x87 FPU and most system instructions.
- Rigorously tested with auto-generated tests to produce the same opcodes as binutils.
Python-based metaprogramming and code-generation.
Multiplexing of multiple instruction streams (helpful for software pipelining).
Compatible with Python 2 and Python 3, CPython and PyPy.

Installation

PeachPy is actively developed, and thus there are presently no stable releases of 0.2 branch. We recommend that you use the master version:

git clone https://github.com/Maratyszcza/PeachPy.git
cd PeachPy
pip install -r requirements.txt
python setup.py generate
pip install .

Using PeachPy as a command-line tool

# These two lines are not needed for PeachPy, but will help you get autocompletion in good code editors
from peachpy import *
from peachpy.x86_64 import *

# Lets write a function float DotProduct(const float* x, const float* y)

# If you want maximum cross-platform compatibility, arguments must have names
x = Argument(ptr(const_float_), name="x")
# If name is not specified, it is auto-detected
y = Argument(ptr(const_float_))

# Everything inside the `with` statement is function body
with Function("DotProduct", (x, y), float_):
  # Request two 64-bit general-purpose registers. No need to specify exact names.
  reg_x, reg_y = GeneralPurposeRegister64(), GeneralPurposeRegister64()

  # This is a cross-platform way to load arguments. PeachPy will map it to something proper later.
  LOAD.ARGUMENT(reg_x, x)
  LOAD.ARGUMENT(reg_y, y)

  # Also request a virtual 128-bit SIMD register...
  xmm_x = XMMRegister()
  # ...and fill it with data
  MOVAPS(xmm_x, [reg_x])
  # It is fine to mix virtual and physical (xmm0-xmm15) registers in the same code
  MOVAPS(xmm2, [reg_y])

  # Execute dot product instruction, put result into xmm_x
  DPPS(xmm_x, xmm2, 0xF1)

  # This is a cross-platform way to return results. PeachPy will take care of ABI specifics.
  RETURN(xmm_x)

Now you can compile this code into a binary object file that you can link into a program...

# Use MS-COFF format with Microsoft ABI for Windows
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=ms -mimage-format=ms-coff -o example.obj example.py
# Use Mach-O format with SysV ABI for OS X
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=sysv -mimage-format=mach-o -o example.o example.py
# Use ELF format with SysV ABI for Linux x86-64
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=sysv -mimage-format=elf -o example.o example.py
# Use ELF format with x32 ABI for Linux x32 (x86-64 with 32-bit pointer)
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=x32 -mimage-format=elf -o example.o example.py
# Use ELF format with Native Client x86-64 ABI for Chromium x86-64
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=nacl -mimage-format=elf -o example.o example.py

What else? You can convert the program to Plan 9 assembly for use with Go programming language:

# Use Go ABI (asm version) with -S flag to generate assembly for Go x86-64 targets
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=goasm -S -o example_amd64.s example.py
# Use Go-p32 ABI (asm version) with -S flag to generate assembly for Go x86-64 targets with 32-bit pointers
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=goasm-p32 -S -o example_amd64p32.s example.py

If Plan 9 assembly is too restrictive for your use-case, generate .syso objects which can be linked into Go programs:

# Use Go ABI (syso version) to generate .syso objects for Go x86-64 targets
# Image format can be any (ELF/Mach-O/MS-COFF)
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=gosyso -mimage-format=elf -o example_amd64.syso example.py
# Use Go-p32 ABI (syso version) to generate .syso objects for Go x86-64 targets with 32-bit pointers
# Image format can be any (ELF/Mach-O/MS-COFF)
python -m peachpy.x86_64 -mabi=gosyso-p32 -mimage-format=elf -o example_amd64p32.syso example.py

See examples for real-world scenarios of using PeachPy with make, nmake and go generate tools.

Using PeachPy as a Python module

When command-line tool does not provide sufficient flexibility, Python scripts can import PeachPy objects from peachpy and peachpy.x86_64 modules and do arbitrary manipulations on output images, program structure, instructions, and bytecodes.

PeachPy as Inline Assembler for Python

PeachPy links assembly and Python: it represents assembly instructions and syntax as Python classes, functions, and objects. But it also works the other way around: PeachPy can represent your assembly functions as callable Python functions!

from peachpy import *
from peachpy.x86_64 import *

x = Argument(int32_t)
y = Argument(int32_t)

with Function("DotProduct", (x, y), int32_t) as asm_function:
    reg_x = GeneralPurposeRegister32()
    reg_y = GeneralPurposeRegister32()

    LOAD.ARGUMENT(reg_x, x)
    LOAD.ARGUMENT(reg_y, y)

    ADD(reg_x, reg_y)

    RETURN(reg_x)

python_function = asm_function.finalize(abi.detect()).encode().load()

print(python_function(2, 2)) # -> prints "4"

PeachPy as Instruction Encoder

PeachPy can be used to explore instruction length, opcodes, and alternative encodings:

from peachpy.x86_64 import *

ADD(eax, 5).encode() # -> bytearray(b'\x83\xc0\x05')

MOVAPS(xmm0, xmm1).encode_options() # -> [bytearray(b'\x0f(\xc1'), bytearray(b'\x0f)\xc8')]

VPSLLVD(ymm0, ymm1, [rsi + 8]).encode_length_options() # -> {6: bytearray(b'\xc4\xe2uGF\x08'),
                                                       #     7: bytearray(b'\xc4\xe2uGD&\x08'),
                                                       #     9: bytearray(b'\xc4\xe2uG\x86\x08\x00\x00\x00')}

Dependencies and Users

Nearly all instruction classes in PeachPy are generated from Opcodes Database
Instruction encodings in PeachPy are validated against binutils using auto-generated tests
PeachPy powers Yeppp! performance library. All optimized kernels in Yeppp! are implemented in PeachPy.

Publications

Marat Dukhan "PeachPy: A Python Framework for Developing High-Performance Assembly Kernels", Python for High-Performance Computing (PyHPC) 2013 (slides, paper, code uses deprecated syntax)

Acknowledgements

This work is a research project at the HPC Garage lab in the Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Computing, School of Computational Science and Engineering.

The work was supported in part by grants to Prof. Richard Vuduc’s research lab, The HPC Garage, from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF CAREER award number 0953100; and a grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Computer Science Study Group program

Any opinions, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this software and documentation are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect those of NSF or DARPA.

dllhlx/PeachPy