elboboua/rust-tutorials

Rust Tutorials

Following along with the Rust Book at https://doc.rust-lang.org/book

Chapter 1: Getting Started

1.1 Installation

• curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh to install Rust
• rustup installs rustc (the Rust compiler), cargo (the package manager), and rustup (the toolchain manager)
• rustup update to update Rust
• rustup self uninstall to uninstall Rust

1.2 Hello, World!

• rustc main.rs to compile a Rust program
• ./main to run the compiled program
• println! is a macro that prints text to the console

1.3 Hello, Cargo!

• cargo new hello_cargo creates a new project
• cargo build builds the project
• cargo run builds and runs the project
• cargo check checks the project for errors without building it
• cargo build --release builds the project in release mode

Chapter 2: Programming a Guessing Game

• rand::Rng is a trait that defines methods that random number generators implement
• input dependencies in Cargo.toml under [dependencies] and run cargo build to download and compile them
• expressions that return a Result can be handled with match
• std::cmp::Ordering is an enum with variants Less, Greater, and Equal
• loop creates an infinite loop
• _ is a catchall pattern that matches any value

Chapter 3: Common Programming Concepts

3.1 Variables and Mutability

• let is used to create a variable
• const is used to create a constant
• variables are immutable by default
• mut is used to make a variable mutable
• shadowing allows you to reuse a variable name

3.2 Data Types

• Rust is statically typed
• scalar types represent a single value
• integer types include i8, u8, i16, u16, i32, u32, i64, u64, i128, u128, isize, and usize
• floating-point types include f32 and f64
• bool is a boolean type, 1 byte in size
• char is a Unicode scalar value (similar to runes in Golang)
• compound types can group multiple values
• tuples can hold multiple values of different types
• tuples are defined like this: (1, 2, 3) and typed like this: (i32, f64, u8)
• tuples are accessed with dot notation like this: let x = (1, 2, 3); let y = x.0;
• arrays have a fixed length and all elements must be the same type
• arrays are defined like this: [1, 2, 3] and typed like this: [i32; 3]
• to initialize an array with the same value for each element, use the array macro like this: [3; 5] creates an array of 5 elements, all set to 3
• arrays are accessed with square brackets like this: let a = [1, 2, 3]; let b = a[0];
• if you try to access an array element that doesn't exist, Rust will panic with a runtime error