Config

Summary

Config helps you easily manage environment specific settings in an easy and usable manner.

Features

simple YAML config files
config files support ERB
config files support inheritance and multiple environments
access config information via convenient object member notation
support for multi-level settings (Settings.group.subgroup.setting)
local developer settings ignored when committing the code

Compatibility

Current version supports and is tested for the following interpreters and frameworks:

Interpreters
- Ruby >= 2.4
- JRuby >= 9.2
- TruffleRuby >= 19.3
Application frameworks
- Rails >= 4.2, 5 and 6
- Padrino
- Sinatra

For Ruby 2.0 to 2.3 or Rails 3 to 4.1 use version 1.x of this gem. For older versions of Rails or Ruby use AppConfig.

Installing

Installing on Rails

Add gem 'config' to your Gemfile and run bundle install to install it. Then run

rails g config:install

which will generate customizable config file config/initializers/config.rb and set of default settings files:

config/settings.yml
config/settings.local.yml
config/settings/development.yml
config/settings/production.yml
config/settings/test.yml

You can now edit them to adjust to your needs.

Installing on Padrino

Add the gem to your Gemfile and run bundle install to install it. Then edit app.rb and register Config

register Config

Installing on Sinatra

Add the gem to your Gemfile and run bundle install to install it. Afterwards in need to register Config in your app and give it a root so it can find the config files.

set :root, File.dirname(__FILE__)
register Config

Installing on other ruby projects

Add the gem to your Gemfile and run bundle install to install it. Then initialize Config manually within your configure block.

Config.load_and_set_settings(Config.setting_files("/path/to/config_root", "your_project_environment"))

It's also possible to initialize Config manually within your configure block if you want to just give it some yml paths to load from.

Config.load_and_set_settings("/path/to/yaml1", "/path/to/yaml2", ...)

Accessing the Settings object

After installing the gem, Settings object will become available globally and by default will be compiled from the files listed below. Settings defined in files that are lower in the list override settings higher.

config/settings.yml
config/settings/#{environment}.yml
config/environments/#{environment}.yml

config/settings.local.yml
config/settings/#{environment}.local.yml
config/environments/#{environment}.local.yml

Entries can be accessed via object member notation:

Settings.my_config_entry

Nested entries are supported:

Settings.my_section.some_entry

Alternatively, you can also use the [] operator if you don't know which exact setting you need to access ahead of time.

# All the following are equivalent to Settings.my_section.some_entry
Settings.my_section[:some_entry]
Settings.my_section['some_entry']
Settings[:my_section][:some_entry]

Reloading settings

You can reload the Settings object at any time by running Settings.reload!.

Reloading settings and config files

You can also reload the Settings object from different config files at runtime.

For example, in your tests if you want to test the production settings, you can:

Rails.env = "production"
Settings.reload_from_files(
  Rails.root.join("config", "settings.yml").to_s,
  Rails.root.join("config", "settings", "#{Rails.env}.yml").to_s,
  Rails.root.join("config", "environments", "#{Rails.env}.yml").to_s
)

Environment specific config files

You can have environment specific config files. Environment specific config entries take precedence over common config entries.

Example development environment config file:

#{Rails.root}/config/environments/development.yml

Example production environment config file:

#{Rails.root}/config/environments/production.yml

Developer specific config files

If you want to have local settings, specific to your machine or development environment, you can use the following files, which are automatically .gitignore :

Rails.root.join("config", "settings.local.yml").to_s,
Rails.root.join("config", "settings", "#{Rails.env}.local.yml").to_s,
Rails.root.join("config", "environments", "#{Rails.env}.local.yml").to_s

NOTE: The file settings.local.yml will not be loaded in tests to prevent local configuration from causing flaky or non-deterministic tests. Environment-specific files (e.g. settings/test.local.yml) will still be loaded to allow test-specific credentials.

Adding sources at runtime

You can add new YAML config files at runtime. Just use:

Settings.add_source!("/path/to/source.yml")
Settings.reload!

This will use the given source.yml file and use its settings to overwrite any previous ones.

On the other hand, you can prepend a YML file to the list of configuration files:

Settings.prepend_source!("/path/to/source.yml")
Settings.reload!

This will do the same as add_source, but the given YML file will be loaded first (instead of last) and its settings will be overwritten by any other configuration file. This is especially useful if you want to define defaults.

One thing I like to do for my Rails projects is provide a local.yml config file that is .gitignored (so its independent per developer). Then I create a new initializer in config/initializers/add_local_config.rb with the contents

Settings.add_source!("#{Rails.root}/config/settings/local.yml")
Settings.reload!

Note: this is an example usage, it is easier to just use the default local files settings.local.yml, settings/#{Rails.env}.local.yml and environments/#{Rails.env}.local.yml for your developer specific settings.

You also have the option to add a raw hash as a source. One use case might be storing settings in the database or in environment variables that overwrite what is in the YML files.

Settings.add_source!({some_secret: ENV['some_secret']})
Settings.reload!

You may pass a hash to prepend_source! as well.

Embedded Ruby (ERB)

Embedded Ruby is allowed in the configuration files. Consider the two following config files.

#{Rails.root}/config/settings.yml

size: 1
server: google.com

#{Rails.root}/config/environments/development.yml

size: 2
computed: <%= 1 + 2 + 3 %>
section:
  size: 3
  servers: [ {name: yahoo.com}, {name: amazon.com} ]

Notice that the environment specific config entries overwrite the common entries.

Settings.size   # => 2
Settings.server # => google.com

Notice the embedded Ruby.

Settings.computed # => 6

Notice that object member notation is maintained even in nested entries.

Settings.section.size # => 3

Notice array notation and object member notation is maintained.

Settings.section.servers[0].name # => yahoo.com
Settings.section.servers[1].name # => amazon.com

Configuration

There are multiple configuration options available, however you can customize Config only once, preferably during application initialization phase:

Config.setup do |config|
  config.const_name = 'Settings'
  # ...
end

After installing Config in Rails, you will find automatically generated file that contains default configuration located at config/initializers/config.rb.

General

const_name - name of the object holing you settings. Default: 'Settings'

Merge customization

overwrite_arrays - overwrite arrays found in previously loaded settings file. Default: true
merge_hash_arrays - merge hashes inside of arrays from previously loaded settings files. Makes sense only when overwrite_arrays = false. Default: false
knockout_prefix - ability to remove elements of the array set in earlier loaded settings file. Makes sense only when overwrite_arrays = false, otherwise array settings would be overwritten by default. Default: nil
merge_nil_values - nil values will overwrite an existing value when merging configs. Default: true.

# merge_nil_values is true by default
c = Config.load_files("./spec/fixtures/development.yml") # => #<Config::Options size=2, ...>
c.size # => 2
c.merge!(size: nil) => #<Config::Options size=nil, ...>
c.size # => nil

# To reject nil values when merging settings:
Config.setup do |config|
  config.merge_nil_values = false
end

c = Config.load_files("./spec/fixtures/development.yml") # => #<Config::Options size=2, ...>
c.size # => 2
c.merge!(size: nil) => #<Config::Options size=nil, ...>
c.size # => 2

Check Deep Merge for more details.

Validation

With Ruby 2.1 or newer, you can optionally define a schema or contract (added in config-2.1) using dry-rb to validate presence (and type) of specific config values. Generally speaking contracts allow to describe more complex validations with depencecies between fields.

If you provide either validation option (or both) it will automatically be used to validate your config. If validation fails it will raise a Config::Validation::Error containing information about all the mismatches between the schema and your config.

Both examples below demonstrates how to ensure that the configuration has an optional email and the youtube structure with the api_key field filled. The contract adds an additional rule.

Contract

Leverage dry-validation, you can create a contract with a params schema and rules:

class ConfigContract < Dry::Validation::Contract
  params do
    optional(:email).maybe(:str?)

    required(:youtube).schema do
      required(:api_key).filled
    end
  end

  rule(:email) do
    unless /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-]+(\.[a-z\d\-]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i.match?(value)
      key.failure('has invalid format')
    end
  end
end

Config.setup do |config|
  config.validation_contract = ConfigContract.new
end

The above example adds a rule to ensure the email is valid by matching it against the provided regular expression.

Check dry-validation for more details.

Schema

You may also specify a schema using dry-schema:

Config.setup do |config|
  # ...
  config.schema do
    optional(:email).maybe(:str?)

    required(:youtube).schema do
      required(:api_key).filled
    end
  end
end

Check dry-schema for more details.

Missing keys

For an example settings file:

size: 1
server: google.com

You can test if a value was set for a given key using key? and its alias has_key?:

Settings.key?(:path)
# => false
Settings.key?(:server)
# => true

By default, accessing to a missing key returns nil:

Settings.key?(:path)
# => false
Settings.path
# => nil

This is not "typo-safe". To solve this problem, you can configure the fail_on_missing option:

Config.setup do |config|
  config.fail_on_missing = true
  # ...
end

So it will raise a KeyError when accessing a non-existing key (similar to Hash#fetch behaviour):

Settings.path
# => raises KeyError: key not found: :path

Environment variables

See section below for more details.

Working with environment variables

To load environment variables from the ENV object, that will override any settings defined in files, set the use_env to true in your config/initializers/config.rb file:

Config.setup do |config|
  config.const_name = 'Settings'
  config.use_env = true
end

Now config would read values from the ENV object to the settings. For the example above it would look for keys starting with Settings:

ENV['Settings.section.size'] = 1
ENV['Settings.section.server'] = 'google.com'

It won't work with arrays, though.

It is considered an error to use environment variables to simutaneously assign a "flat" value and a multi-level value to a key.

# Raises an error when settings are loaded
ENV['BACKEND_DATABASE'] = 'development'
ENV['BACKEND_DATABASE_USER'] = 'postgres'

Instead, specify keys of equal depth in the environment variable names:

ENV['BACKEND_DATABASE_NAME'] = 'development'
ENV['BACKEND_DATABASE_USER'] = 'postgres'

Working with Heroku

Heroku uses ENV object to store sensitive settings. You cannot upload such files to Heroku because it's ephemeral filesystem gets recreated from the git sources on each instance refresh. To use config with Heroku just set the use_env var to true as mentioned above.

To upload your local values to Heroku you could ran bundle exec rake config:heroku.

Fine-tuning

You can customize how environment variables are processed:

env_prefix (default: const_name) - load only ENV variables starting with this prefix (case-sensitive)
env_separator (default: '.') - what string to use as level separator - default value of . works well with Heroku, but you might want to change it for example for __ to easy override settings from command line, where using dots in variable names might not be allowed (eg. Bash)
env_converter (default: :downcase) - how to process variables names:
- nil - no change
- :downcase - convert to lower case
env_parse_values (default: true) - try to parse values to a correct type (Boolean, Integer, Float, String)

For instance, given the following environment:

SETTINGS__SECTION__SERVER_SIZE=1
SETTINGS__SECTION__SERVER=google.com
SETTINGS__SECTION__SSL_ENABLED=false

And the following configuration:

Config.setup do |config|
  config.use_env = true
  config.env_prefix = 'SETTINGS'
  config.env_separator = '__'
  config.env_converter = :downcase
  config.env_parse_values = true
end

The following settings will be available:

Settings.section.server_size # => 1
Settings.section.server # => 'google.com'
Settings.section.ssl_enabled # => false

Contributing

You are very warmly welcome to help. Please follow our contribution guidelines

Any and all contributions offered in any form, past present or future are understood to be in complete agreement and acceptance with MIT license.

Authors

Piotr Kuczynski
Fred Wu
Jacques Crocker
Inherited from AppConfig by Christopher J. Bottaro

Contributors

Code Contributors

This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute and you are very warmly welcome to help. Please follow our contribution guidelines.

Any and all contributions offered in any form, past present or future are understood to be in complete agreement and acceptance with the MIT license.

Financial Contributors

Become a backer and support us with a small monthly donation to help us continue our activities. Thank you if you already one! 🙏

erikbrannstrom/config