This package provides graphical computation for nn library in Torch.
You do not need graphviz to be able to use this library, but if you have it you will be able to display the graphs that you have created. For installing the package run the appropriate command below:
# Mac users
brew install graphviz
# Debian/Ubuntu users
sudo apt-get install graphviz -yPlug: A more explanatory nngraph tutorial by Nando De Freitas of Oxford
The aim of this library is to provide users of nn package with tools to easily create complicated architectures.
Any given nn module is going to be bundled into a graph node.
The __call__ operator of an instance of nn.Module is used to create architectures as if one is writing function calls.
Two hidden layers MLP
h1 = nn.Linear(20, 10)()
h2 = nn.Linear(10, 1)(nn.Tanh()(nn.Linear(10, 10)(nn.Tanh()(h1))))
mlp = nn.gModule({h1}, {h2})
x = torch.rand(20)
dx = torch.rand(1)
mlp:updateOutput(x)
mlp:updateGradInput(x, dx)
mlp:accGradParameters(x, dx)
-- draw graph (the forward graph, '.fg')
graph.dot(mlp.fg, 'MLP')
Read this diagram from top to bottom, with the first and last nodes being dummy nodes that regroup all inputs and outputs of the graph.
The module entry describes the function of the node, as applies to input, and producing a result of the shape gradOutput; mapindex contains pointers to the parent nodes.
To save the graph on file, specify the file name, and both a dot and svg files will be saved. For example, you can type:
graph.dot(mlp.fg, 'MLP', 'myMLP')You can also use the __unm__ and __sub__ operators to replace all __call__:
h1 = - nn.Linear(20,10)
h2 = h1
- nn.Tanh()
- nn.Linear(10,10)
- nn.Tanh()
- nn.Linear(10, 1)
mlp = nn.gModule({h1}, {h2})h1 = nn.Linear(20, 20)()
h2 = nn.Linear(10, 10)()
hh1 = nn.Linear(20, 1)(nn.Tanh()(h1))
hh2 = nn.Linear(10, 1)(nn.Tanh()(h2))
madd = nn.CAddTable()({hh1, hh2})
oA = nn.Sigmoid()(madd)
oB = nn.Tanh()(madd)
gmod = nn.gModule({h1, h2}, {oA, oB})
x1 = torch.rand(20)
x2 = torch.rand(10)
gmod:updateOutput({x1, x2})
gmod:updateGradInput({x1, x2}, {torch.rand(1), torch.rand(1)})
graph.dot(gmod.fg, 'Big MLP')Alternatively, you can use - to make your code looks like the data flow:
h1 = - nn.Linear(20,20)
h2 = - nn.Linear(10,10)
hh1 = h1 - nn.Tanh() - nn.Linear(20,1)
hh2 = h2 - nn.Tanh() - nn.Linear(10,1)
madd = {hh1,hh2} - nn.CAddTable()
oA = madd - nn.Sigmoid()
oB = madd - nn.Tanh()
gmod = nn.gModule( {h1,h2}, {oA,oB} )
Another net that uses container modules (like ParallelTable) that output a table of outputs.
m = nn.Sequential()
m:add(nn.SplitTable(1))
m:add(nn.ParallelTable():add(nn.Linear(10, 20)):add(nn.Linear(10, 30)))
input = nn.Identity()()
input1, input2 = m(input):split(2)
m3 = nn.JoinTable(1)({input1, input2})
g = nn.gModule({input}, {m3})
indata = torch.rand(2, 10)
gdata = torch.rand(50)
g:forward(indata)
g:backward(indata, gdata)
graph.dot(g.fg, 'Forward Graph')
graph.dot(g.bg, 'Backward Graph')
A multi-layer network where each layer takes output of previous two layers as input.
input = nn.Identity()()
L1 = nn.Tanh()(nn.Linear(10, 20)(input))
L2 = nn.Tanh()(nn.Linear(30, 60)(nn.JoinTable(1)({input, L1})))
L3 = nn.Tanh()(nn.Linear(80, 160)(nn.JoinTable(1)({L1, L2})))
g = nn.gModule({input}, {L3})
indata = torch.rand(10)
gdata = torch.rand(160)
g:forward(indata)
g:backward(indata, gdata)
graph.dot(g.fg, 'Forward Graph')
graph.dot(g.bg, 'Backward Graph')As your graph getting bigger and more complicated, the nested parentheses may become confusing. In this case, using - to chain the modules is a clearer and easier way:
input = - nn.Identity()
L1 = input
- nn.Linear(10, 20)
- nn.Tanh()
L2 = { input, L1 }
- nn.JoinTable(1)
- nn.Linear(30,60)
- nn.Tanh()
L3 = { L1,L2 }
- nn.JoinTable(1)
- nn.Linear(80,160)
- nn.Tanh()
g = nn.gModule({input},{L3})
It is possible to add annotations to your network, such as labeling nodes with names or attributes which will show up when you graph the network. This can be helpful in large graphs.
For the full list of graph attributes see the graphviz documentation.
input = nn.Identity()()
L1 = nn.Tanh()(nn.Linear(10, 20)(input)):annotate{
name = 'L1', description = 'Level 1 Node',
graphAttributes = {color = 'red'}
}
L2 = nn.Tanh()(nn.Linear(30, 60)(nn.JoinTable(1)({input, L1}))):annotate{
name = 'L2', description = 'Level 2 Node',
graphAttributes = {color = 'blue', fontcolor = 'green'}
}
L3 = nn.Tanh()(nn.Linear(80, 160)(nn.JoinTable(1)({L1, L2}))):annotate{
name = 'L3', description = 'Level 3 Node',
graphAttributes = {color = 'green',
style = 'filled', fillcolor = 'yellow'}
}
g = nn.gModule({input},{L3})
indata = torch.rand(10)
gdata = torch.rand(160)
g:forward(indata)
g:backward(indata, gdata)
graph.dot(g.fg, 'Forward Graph', '/tmp/fg')
graph.dot(g.bg, 'Backward Graph', '/tmp/bg')In this case, the graphs are saved in the following 4 files: /tmp/{fg,bg}.{dot,svg}.
With nngraph, one can create very complicated networks. In these cases, finding errors can be hard. For that purpose, nngraph provides several useful utilities. The following code snippet shows how to use local variable names for annotating the nodes in a graph and how to enable debugging mode that automatically creates an svg file with error node marked in case of a runtime error.
require 'nngraph'
-- generate SVG of the graph with the problem node highlighted
-- and hover over the nodes in svg to see the filename:line_number info
-- nodes will be annotated with local variable names even if debug mode is not enabled.
nngraph.setDebug(true)
local function get_net(from, to)
local from = from or 10
local to = to or 10
local input_x = nn.Identity()()
local linear_module = nn.Linear(from, to)(input_x)
-- Annotate nodes with local variable names
nngraph.annotateNodes()
return nn.gModule({input_x},{linear_module})
end
local net = get_net(10,10)
-- if you give a name to the net, it will use that name to produce the
-- svg in case of error, if not, it will come up with a name
-- that is derived from number of inputs and outputs to the graph
net.name = 'my_bad_linear_net'
-- prepare an input that is of the wrong size to force an error
local input = torch.rand(11)
pcall(function() net:updateOutput(input) end)
-- it should have produced an error and spit out a graph
-- just run Safari to display the svg
os.execute('open -a Safari my_bad_linear_net.svg')