Gettext
Gettext is an internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n) system commonly used for writing multilingual programs. Gettext is a standard for i18n in different communities, meaning there is a great set of tooling for developers and translators. This project is an implementation of the Gettext system in Elixir.
Installation
-
Add
:gettext
to your list of dependencies inmix.exs
(use$ mix hex.info gettext
to find the latest version):def deps do [ {:gettext, ">= 0.0.0"} ] end
-
Optionally add the
:gettext
compiler to your Mix compilers so your backends are recompiled when.po
files change:def project do [ compilers: [:gettext] ++ Mix.compilers() ] end
Documentation for Gettext
is available on Hex.
Usage
To use Gettext, define a Gettext module:
defmodule MyApp.Gettext do
use Gettext, otp_app: :my_app
end
and invoke the Gettext API, which consists of the *gettext
macros:
import MyApp.Gettext
# Simple translation
gettext("Here is one string to translate")
# Plural translation
number_of_apples = 4
ngettext("The apple is ripe", "The apples are ripe", number_of_apples)
# Domain-based translation
dgettext("errors", "Here is an error message to translate")
Translations in Gettext are stored in Portable Object files (.po
). Such files must be placed at priv/gettext/LOCALE/LC_MESSAGES/DOMAIN.po
, where LOCALE
is the locale and DOMAIN
is the domain (the default domain is called default
).
For example, the translation to pt_BR
of the first two *gettext
calls in the snippet above must be placed in the priv/gettext/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/default.po
file with contents:
msgid "Here is one string to translate"
msgstr "Aqui está um texto para traduzir"
msgid "Here is the string to translate"
msgid_plural "Here are the strings to translate"
msgstr[0] "Aqui está o texto para traduzir"
msgstr[1] "Aqui estão os textos para traduzir"
.po
are text-based files and can be edited directly by translators. Some may even use existing tools for managing them, such as Poedit or poeditor.com.
Finally, because translations are based on strings, your source code does not lose readability as you still see literal strings, like gettext("here is an example")
, instead of paths like translate("some.path.convention")
.
Read the documentation for the Gettext
module for more information on locales, interpolation, pluralization, and other features.
Workflow
Gettext is able to automatically extract translations from your source code, alleviating developers and translators from the repetitive and error-prone work of maintaining translation files.
When extracted from source, translations are placed into .pot
files, which are template files. Those templates files can then be merged into translation files for each specific locale your application is being currently translated to.
In other words, the typical workflow looks like this:
-
Add
gettext
calls to your source code. No need to touch translation files at this point as Gettext will return the given string if no translation is available:gettext("Welcome back!")
-
Once changes to the source are complete, automatically sync all existing entries to
.pot
(template files) inpriv/gettext
by running:mix gettext.extract
-
.pot
files can then be merged into locale-specific.po
files:# Merge .pot into all locales mix gettext.merge priv/gettext # Merge .pot into one specific locale mix gettext.merge priv/gettext --locale en
It is also possible to both extract and merge translations in one step with mix gettext.extract --merge
.
License
Copyright 2015 Plataformatec
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.