BuckleScript: A JavaScript backend for OCaml focused on smooth integration and clean generated code.
You can try BuckleScript directly in your browser. Write OCaml in the left panel and watch as it instantly compiles to JavaScript shown in the right panel.
npm install bs-platform
For more advanced settings, please visit Installation
The BuckleScript installation includes the following:
- OCaml toolchain
- OCaml standard library compiled to JavaScript
bscBuckleScript compiler
Installing BuckleScript from the npm package places binaries in ./node_modules/.bin. Installing
from the git repository places them in ./bin.
See http://bucklescript.github.io/bucklescript/Manual.html for detailed documentation on BuckleScript. If you'd like to contribute content see here for the documentation source.
See http://bucklescript.github.io/bucklescript/api/ for Libraries shipped with BuckleScript.
BuckleScript leverages the existing OCaml compiler and toolchain to produce JavaScript that closely resembles the original OCaml. This has several immediate advantages:
- name mangling is avoided
- stack traces are preserved
- OCaml modules are mapped to JavaScript modules
- OCaml optimizations (e.g., constant folding, DCE, TCO) are reusable
- OCaml attributes allow fine control over generated JavaScript
These points make the integration of JavaScript with OCaml very clean and smooth. In this way, BuckleScript provides all the benefits of OCaml's excellent compiler and sophisticated type system alongside the rich cross-platform JavaScript ecosystem.
Basic examples of using BuckleScript are provided below. More extensive examples are available at https://github.com/bucklescript/bucklescript-addons.
This example creates a simple http server. The complete code is available here.
The attribute [@bs] used in the example below is one of the OCaml attributes mentioned earlier.
When BuckleScript generates code, it may use either a curried (OCaml) or uncurried (JavaScript)
calling convention depending on how the code gets optimized. The [@bs] attribute can be used to
decorate functions and call-sites so that generated code is guaranteed to use the uncurried style.
This guarentee eases integration with existing JavaScript code and avoids unnecessary overhead.
let port = 3000
let hostname = "127.0.0.1"
let create_server http =
let server = http##createServer begin fun [@bs] req resp ->
resp##statusCode #= 200;
resp##setHeader "Content-Type" "text/plain";
resp##_end "Hello world\n"
end
in
server##listen port hostname begin fun [@bs] () ->
Js.log ("Server running at http://"^ hostname ^ ":" ^ Pervasives.string_of_int port ^ "/")
end
let () = create_server Http_types.http'use strict';
var Pervasives = require("bs-platform/lib/js/pervasives");
var Http = require("http");
var hostname = "127.0.0.1";
function create_server(http) {
var server = http.createServer(function (_, resp) {
resp.statusCode = 200;
resp.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain");
return resp.end("Hello world\n");
});
return server.listen(3000, hostname, function () {
console.log("Server running at http://" + (hostname + (":" + (Pervasives.string_of_int(3000) + "/"))));
return /* () */0;
});
}
create_server(Http);This example demonstrates the use of immutable data structures. The OCaml code uses the BuckleScript
compiled OCaml standard library. The JavaScript code, given as a point of comparison, uses the
Facebook immutable library.
This comparison is somewhat contrived but nevertheless the BuckleScript compiled version has several nice characteristics:
Execution Time:
- BuckleScript: 1186ms
- JavaScript: 3415ms
Compiled Size:
- BuckleScript (production): 899 Bytes
- JavaScript: 55.3K Bytes
module IntMap = Map.Make(struct
type t = int
let compare (x : int) y = compare x y
end)
let test () =
let m = ref IntMap.empty in
let count = 1000000 in
for i = 0 to count do
m := IntMap.add i i !m
done;
for i = 0 to count do
ignore (IntMap.find i !m)
done
let () = test()'use strict';
var Immutable = require('immutable');
var Map = Immutable.Map;
var m = new Map();
function test() {
var count = 1000000;
for(var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
m = m.set(i, i);
}
for(var j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
m.get(j);
}
}
test();If you need help or have a question, comment, or suggestion, please feel free to open an issue.
- Thanks to the OCaml team, obviously, without such a beautiful yet practical language, this backend would not exist
- Thanks to ninja-build, BuckleScript also comes with a blazing fast build tool on top of it,
ninjais a truly well engineered scalable build tool - Thanks to Bloomberg! This project began at Bloomberg and was published in 2016; without the support of Bloomberg, it would not have happened. Now that the project has grown and developed its own community, it has moved to its own GitHub organization.
See COPYING and COPYING.LESSER
The ocaml directory contains the official OCaml compiler (version 4.02.3).
Refer to its copyright and license notices for information about its licensing.
The ninja-build directory contains the official ninja-build (version 1.7.2).
Refer to its copyright and license notices for information about its licensing.
BuckleScript builds on parts of js_of_ocaml:
jscomp/core/js_dump.ml(pretty printer)jscomp/runtime
BuckleScript builds on parts of OCaml:
These modules were adapted from ocaml/bytecomp/simplif.ml for
JavaScript specific optimization purposes.
jscomp/core/js_main.ml is adapted from ocaml/driver/main.ml. It is not
actively used but demonstrates that it is easy to assemble a whole compiler using the OCaml compiler
libraries. It also shows how to add more compilation flags to a JS backend.
jscomp/stdlib is copied from ocaml/stdlib. It is compiled to JavaScript and
included with BuckleScript.
jscomp/test is based on ocaml/testsuite.
BuckleScript unittest builds on parts of OUnit
jscomp/ounitis adapted from ounit, the unit test utilities are only used for dev purpose, they are not required for distribution