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Awesome Bash Commands

A curated list of awesome Bash useful commands. Inspired by awesome-shell and bash-handbook.

Files and directories
Paths
Devices
Users and Groups
Date & Time
Network
Miscellaneous
Other Awesome Lists

Files and directories

List files sorted by extension

ls -l -X
# Or
ls -l --sort=extension

Create a symbolic link for one directory or file

ln -s /var/www/html ~/www
ln -s ~/my/large/path/file.txt ~/myfile.txt

Change permissions for a symbolic link only

chmod -h 770 ~/www
chown -h www-data:www-data ~/www

Find octal permissions of one file or directory

stat -c "%a %n" /var/www/html
# 770 /var/www/html

Add sticky permissions to one directory and subdirectories

find /var/www/html -type d -exec chmod g+s {} \

Note: Any new file created will have the same permissions as the root folder

Create one empty file in current directory and subdirectories

find ./my/current/directory -type d -exec touch {}/.gitignore \;

Delete one specific file of current directory and subdirectories

find ./my/current/directory -name ".gitignore" -type f -delete

Copy file content to clipboard

Copy shell command output to clipboard

cat myfile.txt | xclip -selection c

Copy entire directory to destination

cp -avr /my/current/directory /destination/directory
# Or
rsync -av /my/current/directory /destination/directory

Copy entire directory files only to destination with exclude option

rsync -har --progress --exclude .git /current/directory/. /destination/directory

Show the space usage of file or directory

Show the space usage of file or directory (recursive) in human readable format.

du -sh /var/log/dnf.librepo.log
# 4,1M	/var/log/dnf.librepo.log

du -sh /var/log
# 2,2G	/var/log

Show size of one symbolic link (file or directory)

du -Hsh $(which dart)
# 21M	/usr/local/bin/dart

Show top ten of biggest directories

du -hS /home/user/some/directory | sort -rh | head -10
# 90G	/home/user/some/directory/big-dir
# 10G	/home/user/some/directory/subdir/another-big-dir
# ...

Delete all files in directory by pattern

find /usr/local/apache/logs/archive/ -name '*2017.gz' -delete

Move files by pattern

This command move all *.js files into *.ts files (move equivalent)

find src/ -type f -name "*.js" -exec bash -c 'mv {} `echo {} | sed -e "s/.js/.ts/g"`' \;

Clean temporary directory

rm -rf /tmp/* /tmp/.*

Calculate gzip size of one no compressed file

gzip -c FILENAME.txt | wc -c | awk '{
if ($1 > 1000 ^ 3) {
  print($1 / (1000 ^ 3)"G")
} else if ($1 > 1000 ^ 2) {
  print($1 / (1000 ^ 2)"M")
} else if ($1 > 1000) {
  print($1 / 1000"K")
} else {
  print($1)"b"
}}'

# 560K

Paths

Show the full path of a command

which bash
# /usr/bin/bash

which git node
# /usr/bin/git
# /usr/bin/node

Show the resolved path of a symbolic link

realpath ~/www
# /usr/share/nginx/html

Determine the current directory

pwd
# /home/my/current/directory

Devices

Display file system disk space usage with total

Show the file system disk space usage in human readable format.

df -h --total
# Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
# devtmpfs        487M     0  487M   0% /dev
# tmpfs           497M     0  497M   0% /dev/shm
# tmpfs           497M  508K  496M   1% /run
# tmpfs           497M     0  497M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
# /dev/vda1        30G  2.7G   26G  10% /
# tmpfs           100M     0  100M   0% /run/user/0
# total           2.2T  600G  100G  20% -

Display system memory information with total

free -h --total
#               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
# Mem:           200G         60G        100G        262M         30G        180G
# Swap:            0B          0B          0B
# Total:         200G         60G        100G

cat /proc/meminfo
# MemTotal:       183815530 kB
# MemFree:        101918660 kB
# MemAvailable:   123712410 kB
# ....

Tip: Pipe grep to filter your results. E.g cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal

Mount a FAT32 USB device

mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/usb

Increase temporary directory size

mount -o remount,size=5G /tmp/

Users and Groups

Switch user and execute command immediately

sudo -Hu root fish

Add an existing user to existing group

usermod -a -G ftp john

Date & Time

Show extended ISO format Date (ISO 8601)

date "+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%m:%S"
# 2018-09-13T10:09:26

Network

Show current IP address

ifconfig | awk '/<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>/ { getline; print $2 }'
# or
ifconfig | grep -E "([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}" | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{ print $2 }' | cut -f2 -d: | head -n1

Miscellaneous

Show GNU/Linux distribution and operating system

a) Using hostnamectl:

hostnamectl | grep -E "(.+)(System|Kernel|Arch)(.+)"
#  Operating System: Arch Linux
#            Kernel: Linux 5.1.7-arch1-1-ARCH
#      Architecture: x86-64

b) Using cat /etc/os-release:

cat /etc/os-release
# NAME="Arch Linux"
# PRETTY_NAME="Arch Linux"
# ID=arch
# BUILD_ID=rolling
# ANSI_COLOR="0;36"
# HOME_URL="https://www.archlinux.org/"
# DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://wiki.archlinux.org/"
# SUPPORT_URL="https://bbs.archlinux.org/"
# BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.archlinux.org/"
# LOGO=archlinux

Generate random numbers

od -vAn -N64 < /dev/urandom | tr '\n' ' ' | sed "s/ //g" | head -c 32
# 03121617301002504516642404031105

env LC_CTYPE=C tr -dc "0-9" < /dev/urandom | head -c 32 | xargs
# 50569696992247151969921987764342

Change head value to truncate the result's length.

Generate random alphanumerics

a) Alphanumeric only

base64 /dev/urandom | tr -d '/+' | head -c 32 | xargs
# 3udiq6F74alwcPwXzIDWSnjRYQXcxiyl

b) Alphanumeric with a custom chars set

env LC_CTYPE=C tr -dc "A-Za-z0-9_!@#\$%^&*()-+=" < /dev/urandom | head -c 32 | xargs
# yiMg^Cha=Zh$6Xh%zDQAyBH1SI6Po(&P

Change tr -dc char set to get a custom result.

Generate a random hash

od -vAn -N64 < /dev/urandom | tr '\n' ' ' | sed "s/ //g" | openssl dgst -sha256 | sed "s/-//g"
# 7adf57e0a90b32ce0e1f446268dbd62b583c649a2e71a426519c6e9c0006b143

Openssl digest algorithms supported: md5, md4, md2, sha1, sha, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, mdc2 and ripemd160

Generate a random UUID

uuidgen | tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"
# D2DA7D0C-ABAA-4866-9C97-61791C9FEC89

Generate 1 million of unique random phone numbers

This command generate one million of unique random phone numbers (random permutations) fast using GNU/Linux shuf command. Use sed command for customize each number format. For example for add some prefix or suffix. Remember shuf is not limited to numbers only.

shuf -i 100000000-999999999 -n 1000000 | sed -e 's/^/51/' > gsm.txt

Other Awesome Lists

Contributions

Please check out the contribution file.

License

To the extent possible under law, José Luis Quintana has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.

frantallukas10/awesome-bash-commands