This class will explore the history and present-day manifestation of "psychological operations" - campaigns designed to influence populations for specific outcomes. Our definition of "psyops" is fairly broad in this course. We'll to the military and corporate development of these influence campaigns, what techniques and tactics are used, and examine how these practices are changing with the internet and social media.
The structure of this class will be a bit experimental. Students will form small teams and identify a research question or project related to the subject of contemporary psyops. For example, it could be a network map of bot accounts on Twitter, or developing a Twitter bot to engage with other bots. These research projects should involve some amount of programming.
Students are not expected to have programming skills prior to this class. In parallel with our exploration of the history, theory, and techniques, we'll devote some class time to building these programming skills. Plenty of in-class time will be provided for students to work on these projects. I will be available to answer any questions.
A Python workshop will run in parallel at the start of the course. It is not required but strongly recommended as we will not have enough time to cover foundational programming topics in great detail. The workshop will fill in the gaps and provide an opportunity to ask questions.
In addition to these research projects, the class will involve readings and discussions.
Note that because this course is new and experimental, the syllabus may be adjusted throughout the semester.
- Information Wars: A Window into the Alternative Media Ecosystem. Kate Starbird.
- Example analysis
- Portrait of a botnet. Ben Nimmo.
- How Russian Propaganda Spread From a Parody Website to Fox News. Neil MacFarquhar & Andrew Rossback.
- Blue Feed, Red Feed.
- Identifying FCC astroturfing
If you need other materials to supplement what we cover about Python in class, here are a few:
- https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/python/
- https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python
- https://developers.google.com/edu/python/
- http://pymbook.readthedocs.io/en/py3/
- https://python.swaroopch.com/
- https://www.dataquest.io/blog/web-scraping-beautifulsoup/
- http://anandology.com/python-practice-book/index.html
This tool visualizes what your code is doing: http://pythontutor.com/visualize.html
I'm available for office hours as needed. Please email me or let me know in class in advance and we can set up a time.
Your grade will be computed as follows:
- 20% Attendance/Participation
- 20% Research proposal
- 60% Research project
Date | Topic | Due |
---|---|---|
08/29 | Class overview | |
08/31 | Introduction | Readings |
09/05 | Python: Basic concepts | |
09/07 | Python: Basic concepts | |
09/12 | Advertising & Public Relations | Readings |
09/14 | Python: Basics continued | |
09/19 | Analytics & Targeting | Readings |
09/21 | -Rosh Hashanah- | |
09/26 | Computational Propaganda | Readings |
09/28 | No class | |
10/03 | Python: continued | |
10/05 | Focus on Cybersecurity | |
10/10 | Human Behavior | Readings |
10/12 | Python: Using the internet | |
10/17 | Memes & Virality | Readings |
10/19 | Python: Using the internet continued | |
10/24 | Astroturfing & Political Bots | Readings |
10/26 | Project time | |
10/31 | The Military-Entertainment Complex | Readings |
11/02 | Project time | |
11/07 | Reality Warping Tech | Readings |
11/09 | Project time | |
11/14 | The Economics of Attention | Readings |
11/16 | Project time | |
11/21 | Silicon Valley Ethics | Readings |
11/23 | -Thanksgiving- | |
11/28 | Counter-Strategies | Readings |
11/30 | Project time | |
12/05 | Project time | |
12/07 | Project Presentations | Project presentations due |
12/12 | Project Presentations | |
12/14 | Project Presentations |
- Sleepwalking into Surveillant Capitalism, Sliding into Authoritarianism. Zeynep Tufekci.
- What’s Propaganda Got To Do With It?. Caroline Jack.
- Money Talks. Aaron Miguel Cantú .
- The Century of the Self, episodes 1 & 2. Adam Curtis.
- Facebook told advertisers it can identify teens feeling 'insecure' and 'worthless'. Sam Levin.
- How He Used Facebook to Win. Sue Halpern.
- The great British Brexit robbery: how our democracy was hijacked. Carole Cadwalladr.
- Media hacking. John Borthwick.
- What does fake news tell us about life in the digital age? Not what you might expect. Jonathan Gray, Liliana Bounegru, & Tommaso Venturini.
- Fake news. It’s complicated.. Claire Wardle.
- US secretly created 'Cuban Twitter' to stir unrest and undermine government.
- Did Media Literacy Backfire?. danah boyd.
- Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger: International Law and the Future of Online PsyOps. Tim Hwang & Lea Rosen.
Optional readings:
- Tactical Virality. Hannah Barton.
- Revealed: US spy operation that manipulates social media. Nick Fielding & Ian Cobain.
- How To Use Facebook And Fake News To Get People To Murder Each Other. Jason Patinkin.
- Invisible Manipulators of Your Mind. Tamsin Shaw.
- Misinformation and its correction: Continued influence and successful debiasing. Stephan Lewandowsky, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Colleen M. Seifert, Norbert Schwarz, & John Cook.
- Trump’s Lies vs. Your Brain. Maria Konnikova.
- The Psychology Behind Fake News. Adam Waytz.
- Is There Any Hope for Facebook's Fact-Checking Efforts?. Jon Christian.
Optional readings:
- Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks. William J. Brady, Julian A. Wills, John T. Jost, Joshua A. Tucker, & Jay J. Van Bavel.
- You Won’t Finish This Article. Farhad Manjoo.
- Stanford researchers find students have trouble judging the credibility of information online. Brooke Donald.
- War Goes Viral. Emerson T. Booking & P. W. Singer.
- Hacking the Attention Economy. danah boyd.
- Memes trump articles on Breitbart’s Facebook page. Nausicaa Renner.
- How Trump's Shitposters Take Over Twitter Without Bots. Jason Koebler.
- Can NATO Weaponize Memes?. Robbie Gramer.
- Anti-net neutrality spammers are impersonating real people to flood FCC comments. Colin Lecher, Adi Robertson, & Russell Brandom
- “Automating power: Social bot interference in global politics. Samuel Woolley.
- How to Hack an Election. Jordan Robertson, Michael Riley, & Andrew Willis.
- Inside Trump's 'cyborg' Twitter army. Ben Schreckinger.
- Example analysis
- Portrait of a botnet. Ben Nimmo.
- Pictures May Not Lie But Doctored Photos Change History.
- Fake News Is About to Get Even Scarier than You Ever Dreamed. Nick Bilton.
- reality warping tech
- Other examples
- Fake news sites are using Facebook to spread Ebola panic. Josh Dzieza.
- Facebook enters war against “information operations,” acknowledges election hijinx. Sean Gallagher.
- A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization. Robert M. Bond, Christopher J. Fariss, Jason J. Jones, Adam D. I. Kramer, Cameron Marlow, Jaime E. Settle, & James H. Fowler.
- Facebook reveals news feed experiment to control emotions. Robert Booth.
- The Fake-News Fallacy. Adrian Chen.
- You Are the Product. John Lanchester.
- Without these ads, there wouldn't be money in fake news. Paresh Dave.
- The Macedonian Teens Who Mastered Fake News. Samanth Subramanian.
- The Military-Entertainment Complex: A New Facet of Information Warfare. Stephen Stockwell & Adam Muir.
- How the CIA Hoodwinked Hollywood. Nicholas Schou.
- Japan: The Manga Military. Matthew Brummer.
- The Rise of Social Bots. Emilio Ferrara, Onur Varol, Clayton Davis, Filippo Menczer, & Alessandro Flammini
- Russian Disinformation Technology. John Pollock.
- Meet the Ad Companies Ditching Breitbart and Fake News. Davey Alba.
- Defense Against the Dark Arts: Networked Propaganda and Counter-Propaganda. Jonathan Stray.
- How to Detect Fake News in Real-Time. Krishna Bharat.
- Digital Wildfires in a Hyperconnected World.
- Blocking Ads from Pages that Repeatedly Share False News. Satwik Shukla & Tessa Lyons.