This is just a sample that predicts the global average land temperature. In machine learning, the prediction of specific numeric values based on past observed data, is known as regression.
It actually contains two samples, one as a proof of concept for known temperatures to compare results, and one for random future months.
The original data comes from a public dataset: https://www.kaggle.com/berkeleyearth/climate-change-earth-surface-temperature-data/data?select=GlobalTemperatures.csv
For more examples check https://github.com/dotnet/machinelearning-samples/tree/master/samples