Avax tweets dataset

The repository contains two collections associated with vaccine hesitancy on Twitter. The "streaming collection" contains tweets collected by leveraging Twitter streaming API to listen to the set of anti-vaccine keywords. You can see the full list of these keywords in keywords.txt. The "account collection" contains historical tweets of accounts that are susceptible to anti-vaccine narratives. To comply with Twitter's Terms of Service, only tweet IDs are released. The data is for non-commercial research purposes only. It is our hope that it will help those who are studying and tracking anti-vaccine misinformation on social media and enable better understanding of vaccine hesitancy.

The associated paper to this repository can be found here: https://publichealth.jmir.org/2021/11/e30642

Data Organization

The "streaming-tweetids" folder corresponds to the streaming collection whereas the "account-tweetids" folder corresponds to the account collection. All the files are in .txt format, each containing the list of tweet IDs. Account collection files are named from 0 to 387. Streaming collection files are organized into 7 folders, each corresponds to a month of year 2020 and 2021.

Notes about the data

Only English tweets are considered.
The overview of our data collections are summarized below

	Streaming collection	Account collection
Number of tweets	53,598,237	135,949,773
Number of accounts	8,120,945	78,954
Verified accounts	-	239
Average tweets per account	6.6	1721.8
Accounts with location	-	363
Oldest tweet	2010-10-19	2007-03-06
Most recent tweet	2022-04-08	2021-02-02

You may consider using tools such as the Hydrator, Twarc and tweepy to rehydrate the Tweet IDs. For detailed instructions please see the next section.
If you have difficulties accessing some data, please contact the authors: gmuric@isi.edu

How to Hydrate

Hydrating using Hydrator (GUI)

Navigate to the Hydrator github repository and follow the instructions for installation in their README. As there are a lot of separate Tweet ID files in this repository, it might be advisable to first merge files from timeframes of interest into a larger file before hydrating the Tweets through the GUI.

Hydrating using Twarc (CLI)

Many thanks to Ed Summers (edsu) for writing this script that uses Twarc to hydrate all Tweet-IDs stored in their corresponding folders.

First install Twarc and tqdm

pip3 install twarc
pip3 install tqdm

Configure Twarc with your Twitter API tokens (note you must apply for a Twitter developer account first in order to obtain the needed tokens). You can also configure the API tokens in the script, if unable to configure through CLI.

twarc configure

Run the script. The hydrated Tweets will be stored in the same folder as the Tweet-ID file, and is saved as a compressed jsonl file

python3 hydrate.py -streaming

for hydrating the streaming collection or

python3 hydrate.py -account

for hydrating the account collection

Hydrating using Tweepy:

import tweepy
auth = tweepy.AppAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth, retry_count=5, retry_delay=2, wait_on_rate_limit=True, wait_on_rate_limit_notify=True)
api.statuses_lookup(list_of_ids) #consider the limitations in tweepy documentation

Data Usage Agreement / How to Cite

By using this dataset, you agree to remain in compliance with Twitter's Terms of Service, and cite the following manuscript: Muric G, Wu Y, Ferrara E. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Social Media: Building a Public Twitter Data Set of Antivaccine Content, Vaccine Misinformation, and Conspiracies. JMIR Public Heal Surveill 2021;7(11)E30642

@article{Muric2021,
author = {Muric, Goran and Wu, Yusong and Ferrara, Emilio},
doi = {10.2196/30642},
eprint = {2105.05134},
issn = {2369-2960},
journal = {JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021;7(11):e30642},
keywords = {COVID-19,COVID-19 vaccines,SARS-CoV-2,Twitter,conspiracy,dataset,hesitancy,misinformation,network analysis,public health,social media,trust,utilization,vaccine,vaccine hesitancy},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pages = {e30642},
publisher = {JMIR Public Health and Surveillance},
title = {{COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Social Media: Building a Public Twitter Data Set of Antivaccine Content, Vaccine Misinformation, and Conspiracies}},
url = {https://publichealth.jmir.org/2021/11/e30642},
volume = {7},
year = {2021}
}

gmuric/avax-tweets-dataset