InSpec: Inspect Your Infrastructure
InSpec is an open-source testing framework for infrastructure with a human- and machine-readable language for specifying compliance, security and policy requirements.
# Disallow insecure protocols by testing
describe package('telnetd') do
it { should_not be_installed }
end
describe inetd_conf do
its("telnet") { should eq nil }
end
InSpec makes it easy to run your tests wherever you need. More options are found in our CLI docs.
# run test locally
inspec exec test.rb
# run test on remote host on SSH
inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname -i /path/to/key
# run test on remote host using SSH agent private key authentication. Requires InSpec 1.7.1
inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname
# run test on remote windows host on WinRM
inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Administrator@windowshost --password 'your-password'
# run test on docker container
inspec exec test.rb -t docker://container_id
Features
- Built-in Compliance: Compliance no longer occurs at the end of the release cycle
- Targeted Tests: InSpec writes tests that specifically target compliance issues
- Metadata: Includes the metadata required by security and compliance pros
- Easy Testing: Includes a command-line interface to run tests quickly
Installation
InSpec requires Ruby ( >2.2 ).
Install as package
The InSpec package is available for MacOS, RedHat, Ubuntu and Windows. Download the latest package at InSpec Downloads or install InSpec via script:
# RedHat, Ubuntu, and macOS
curl https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.sh | sudo bash -s -- -P inspec
# Windows
. { iwr -useb https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.ps1 } | iex; install -project inspec
Install it via rubygems.org
When installing from source, gem dependencies may require ruby build tools to be installed.
For CentOS/RedHat/Fedora:
yum -y install ruby ruby-devel make gcc gcc-c++
For Ubuntu:
apt-get -y install ruby ruby-dev gcc g++ make
To install inspec from rubygems:
gem install inspec
Usage via Docker
Download the image and define a function for convenience:
For Linux:
docker pull chef/inspec
function inspec { docker run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/share chef/inspec $@; }
For Windows (PowerShell):
docker pull chef/inspec
function inspec { docker run -it --rm -v "$(pwd):/share" chef/inspec $args; }
If you call inspec
from your shell, it automatically mounts the current directory into the Docker container. Therefore you can easily use local tests and key files. Note: Only files in the current directory and sub-directories are available within the container.
$ ls -1
vagrant
test.rb
$ inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://root@192.168.64.2:11022 -i vagrant
..
Finished in 0.04321 seconds (files took 0.54917 seconds to load)
2 examples, 0 failures
Install it from source
That requires bundler:
bundle install
bundle exec bin/inspec help
To install it as a gem locally, run:
gem build inspec.gemspec
gem install inspec-*.gem
On Windows, you need to install Ruby with Ruby Development Kit to build dependencies with its native extensions.
Install via Habitat
Currently, this method of installation only supports Linux. See the Habitat site for more information.
Download the hab
binary from the Habitat site.
hab pkg install chef/inspec
export PATH="$(hab pkg path core/ruby)/bin:$(hab pkg path chef/inspec)/bin:$PATH"
inspec
Run InSpec
You should now be able to run:
$ inspec --help
Commands:
inspec archive PATH # archive a profile to tar.gz (default) ...
inspec check PATH # verify all tests at the specified PATH
inspec compliance SUBCOMMAND ... # Chef Compliance commands
inspec detect # detect the target OS
inspec exec PATH(S) # run all test files at the specified PATH.
inspec help [COMMAND] # Describe available commands or one spe...
inspec init TEMPLATE ... # Scaffolds a new project
inspec json PATH # read all tests in PATH and generate a ...
inspec shell # open an interactive debugging shell
inspec supermarket SUBCOMMAND ... # Supermarket commands
inspec version # prints the version of this tool
Options:
[--diagnose], [--no-diagnose] # Show diagnostics (versions, configurations)
Examples
- Only accept requests on secure ports - This test ensures that a web server is only listening on well-secured ports.
describe port(80) do
it { should_not be_listening }
end
describe port(443) do
it { should be_listening }
its('protocols') {should include 'tcp'}
end
- Use approved strong ciphers - This test ensures that only enterprise-compliant ciphers are used for SSH servers.
describe sshd_config do
its('Ciphers') { should eq('chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr') }
end
- Test your
kitchen.yml
file to verify that only Vagrant is configured as the driver. The %w() formatting will pass rubocop linting and allow you to access nested mappings.
describe yaml('.kitchen.yml') do
its(%w(driver name)) { should eq('vagrant') }
end
Also have a look at our examples for:
- Using InSpec with Test Kitchen & Chef
- Using InSpec with Test Kitchen & Puppet
- Using InSpec with Test Kitchen & Ansible
- Implementing an InSpec profile
Or tests: Testing for a OR b
- Using describe.one, you can test for a or b. The control will be marked as passing if EITHER condition is met.
control 'or-test' do
impact 1.0
title 'This is a OR test'
describe.one do
describe ssh_config do
its('Protocol') { should eq('3') }
end
describe ssh_config do
its('Protocol') { should eq('2') }
end
end
end
Command Line Usage
exec
Run tests against different targets:
# run test locally
inspec exec test.rb
# run test on remote host on SSH
inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname
# run test on remote windows host on WinRM
inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Administrator@windowshost --password 'your-password'
# run test on docker container
inspec exec test.rb -t docker://container_id
# run with sudo
inspec exec test.rb --sudo [--sudo-password ...] [--sudo-options ...] [--sudo_command ...]
# run in a subshell
inspec exec test.rb --shell [--shell-options ...] [--shell-command ...]
# run a profile targeting AWS using env vars
inspec exec test.rb -t aws://
# or store your AWS credentials in your ~/.aws/credentials profiles file
inspec exec test.rb -t aws://us-east-2/my-profile
# run a profile targeting Azure using env vars
inspec exec test.rb -t azure://
# or store your Azure credentials in your ~/.azure/credentials profiles file
inspec exec test.rb -t azure://subscription_id
detect
Verify your configuration and detect
id=$( docker run -dti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash )
inspec detect -t docker://$id
Which will provide you with:
{"family":"ubuntu","release":"14.04","arch":null}
Supported OS
Remote Targets
Platform | Versions | Architectures |
---|---|---|
AIX | 6.1, 7.1, 7.2 | ppc64 |
CentOS | 5, 6, 7 | i386, x86_64 |
Debian | 7, 8 | i386, x86_64 |
FreeBSD | 9, 10 | i386, amd64 |
Mac OS X | 10.9, 10.10, 10.11 | x86_64 |
Oracle Enterprise Linux | 5, 6, 7 | i386, x86_64 |
Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 5, 6, 7 | i386, x86_64 |
Solaris | 10, 11 | sparc, x86 |
Windows* | 7, 8, 8.1, 10, 2008, 2008R2 , 2012, 2012R2, 2016 | x86, x86_64 |
Ubuntu Linux | x86, x86_64 | |
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server | 11, 12 | x86_64 |
Scientific Linux | 5.x, 6.x and 7.x | i386, x86_64 |
Fedora | x86_64 | |
OpenSUSE | 13.1/13.2/42.1 | x86_64 |
OmniOS | x86_64 | |
Gentoo Linux | x86_64 | |
Arch Linux | x86_64 | |
HP-UX | 11.31 | ia64 |
*For Windows, PowerShell 5.0 or above is required.
In addition, runtime support is provided for:
Platform | Versions |
---|---|
Debian | 8 |
RHEL | 6, 7 |
Ubuntu | 12.04+ |
Windows | 7+ |
Windows | 2012+ |
Documentation
Documentation
- https://www.inspec.io/docs/
- https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/
- https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/docs
Tutorials/Blogs/Podcasts:
Relationship to other tools (RSpec, Serverspec):
Share your Profiles
You may share your InSpec Profiles in the Tools & Plugins section of the Chef Supermarket. Sign in and add the details of your profile.
You may also browse the Supermarket for shared Compliance Profiles.
Kudos
InSpec is inspired by the wonderful Serverspec project. Kudos to mizzy and all contributors!
The AWS resources were inspired by inspec-aws from arothian.
Contribute
- Fork it
- Create your feature branch (git checkout -b my-new-feature)
- Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
- Push to the branch (git push origin my-new-feature)
- Create new Pull Request
The InSpec community and maintainers are very active and helpful. This project benefits greatly from this activity.
Testing InSpec
We offer unit
, integration
, and aws
tests.
unit
tests ensure the intended behaviour of the implementationintegration
tests run against Docker-based VMs via test-kitchen and kitchen-inspecaws
tests exercise the AWS resources against real AWS accounts
Unit tests
bundle exec rake test
If you like to run only one test file:
bundle exec m test/unit/resources/user_test.rb
You may also run a single test within a file by line number:
bundle exec m test/unit/resources/user_test.rb -l 123
Integration tests
These tests download various virtual machines, to ensure InSpec is working as expected across different operating systems.
These tests require the following gems:
- test-kitchen
- kitchen-dokken
- kitchen-inspec
These gems are provided via the integration
group in the project's Gemfile.
In addition, these test require Docker to be available on your machine or a remote Docker machine configured via the standard Docker environment variables.
Running Integration tests
List the various test instances available:
bundle exec kitchen list
The platforms and test suites are configured in the .kitchen.yml
file. Once you know which instance you wish to test, test that instance:
bundle exec kitchen test <INSTANCE_NAME>
You may test all instances in parallel with:
bundle exec kitchen test -c
AWS Tests
Use the rake task bundle exec rake test:aws
to test the AWS resources against a pair of real AWS accounts.
Please see TESTING_AGAINST_AWS.md for details on how to setup the needed AWS accounts to perform testing.
Azure Tests
Use the rake task bundle exec rake test:azure
to test the Azure resources against an Azure account.
Please see TESTING_AGAINST_AZURE.md for details on how to setup the needed Azure accounts to perform testing.
License
Author: | Dominik Richter (drichter@chef.io) |
Author: | Christoph Hartmann (chartmann@chef.io) |
Copyright: | Copyright (c) 2015 Vulcano Security GmbH. |
Copyright: | Copyright (c) 2017 Chef Software Inc. |
License: | Apache License, Version 2.0 |
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.