Gradle Nexus Publish Plugin

This Gradle plugin is a turn-key solution for publishing to Nexus. You can use it to publish your artifacts to any Nexus Repository Manager 2.x instance (internal or public). It is great for publishing your open source to Sonatype, and then to Maven Central, in a fully automated fashion.

Vanilla Gradle is great, but it cannot fully automate publications to Nexus. This plugin enables isolation of staging repositories so that you can reliably publish from CI, and each publication uses a brand new, explicitly created staging repo (more). Moreover, the plugin provides tasks to close and release staging repositories, covering the whole releasing process to Maven Central.

This plugin is intended as a replacement of the Gradle Nexus Staging Plugin and Nexus Publish Plugin duo. See a dedicated migration guide.

Usage

Applying the plugin

The plugin must be applied to the root project and requires Gradle 6.2 or later. It is important to set the group and the version to the root project, so the plugin can detect if it is a snapshot version or not in order to select the correct repository where artifacts will be published.

plugins {
    id("io.github.gradle-nexus.publish-plugin") version "«version»"
}

group = "com.example.library"
version = "1.0.0"

Java compatibility

As of version 2.x, support for JDK <11 is deprecated. The JDK taget compatibility is still set to 8, however, it is encouraged to use the latest possible Java version (e.g. 21+). As being deprecated, support for JDK <11 might be dropped in a future minor plugin version (i.e. 2.x).

Publishing to Maven Central via Sonatype OSSRH

In order to publish to Maven Central (aka the Central Repository or just Central) via Sonatype's OSSRH Nexus, you simply need to add the sonatype() repository like in the example below. Its nexusUrl and snapshotRepositoryUrl values are pre-configured.

nexusPublishing {
    repositories {
        sonatype()
    }
}

Important. Users registered in Sonatype after 24 February 2021 need to customize the following URLs:

nexusPublishing {
    repositories {
        sonatype {  //only for users registered in Sonatype after 24 Feb 2021
            nexusUrl.set(uri("https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/service/local/"))
            snapshotRepositoryUrl.set(uri("https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/"))
        }
    }
}

(if unsure check the server address in a corresponding ticket for your project in Sonatype's Jira)

In addition, for both groups of users, you need to set your Nexus credentials. To increase security, it is advised to use the user token's username and password pair (instead of regular username and password). Those values should be set as the sonatypeUsername and sonatypePassword project properties, e.g. in ~/.gradle/gradle.properties or via the ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_sonatypeUsername and ORG_GRADLE_PROJECT_sonatypePassword environment variables.

Alternatively, you can configure credentials in the sonatype block:

nexusPublishing {
    repositories {
        sonatype {
            username = "your-user-token-username"
            password = "your-user-token-password"
        }
    }
}

Configure Signing

Add the signing plugin:

plugins {
    // ...
    signing
}

then configure:

signing {
    sign(publishing.publications["mavenJava"])
}

Publishing with Ivy

There are cases where it may be necessary to use the ivy-publish plugin instead of maven-publish. For example, when publishing Sbt plugins the directory structure needs to be customized which is only possible with Gradle's IvyArtifactRepository.

In such cases, you need to apply the ivy-publish plugin and configure the publicationType fore each NexusRepository, that should be ivy compatible, to IVY (default is MAVEN).

In case of Ivy publishing, because of compatibility with Sonatype the nexus repository layout will be used by default

nexusPublishing {
    respositories {
        ivyRepository {
            publicationType = io.github.gradlenexus.publishplugin.NexusRepository.PublicationType.IVY
        }
    }
}

Or use the kotlin DSL:

nexusPublishing {
    respositories {
        register("ivyRepository") {
            publicationType.set(io.github.gradlenexus.publishplugin.NexusRepository.PublicationType.IVY)
        }
    }    
}

Using Ivy repositories with different artifact patterns

In case of ivy it's possible to override the default artifact pattern that is used, which is the Maven pattern due to compatibility reasons with sonatype

To change the pattern of artifacts and ivy files configure the ivyPatternLayout on each repository that should be used with this layout with:

nexusPublishing {
    respositories {
        ivyRepository {
            ivyPatternLayout {
                artifact "[organisation]/[module]_foo/[revision]/[artifact]-[revision](-[classifier])(.[ext])"
                m2compatible = true
            }
        }
    }
}

Or use the kotlin DSL:

nexusPublishing {
    respositories {
        register("ivyRepository") {
            ivyPatternLayout {
                ivyPatternLayout {
                    artifact("[organisation]/[module]_foo/[revision]/[artifact]-[revision](-[classifier])(.[ext])")
                    m2compatible = true
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Add Metadata

See the Maven publishing page in Gradle documentation for what these mean, default values, and how to override coordinates (groupId:artifactId:version).

publishing {
    publications {
        create<MavenPublication>("mavenJava") {
            from(components["java"])

            pom {
                name.set("<<Component Name>>")
                description.set("<<Component Description>>")
                url.set("<<Component URL>>")
                licenses {
                    license {
                        name.set("<<License Name>>")
                        url.set("<<License URL>>")
                    }
                }
                developers {
                    developer {
                        id.set("<<Developer ID>>")
                        name.set("<<Developer Name>>")
                        email.set("<<Developer Email>>")
                    }
                }
                scm {
                    connection.set("<<SCM Connection URL>>")
                    developerConnection.set("<<SCM Dev Connection URL>>")
                    url.set("<<Source URL>>")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Finally, call publishToSonatype closeAndReleaseSonatypeStagingRepository to publish all publications to Sonatype's OSSRH Nexus and subsequently close and release the corresponding staging repository, effectively making the artifacts available in Maven Central (usually after a few minutes).

Please bear in mind that - especially on the initial project publishing to Maven Central - it might be wise to call just publishToSonatype closeSonatypeStagingRepository and manually verify that the artifacts placed in the closed staging repository in Nexus looks ok. After that, the staging repository might be dropped (if needed) or manually released from the Nexus UI.

Publishing and closing in different Gradle invocations

You might want to publish and close in different Gradle invocations. For example, you might want to publish from CI and close and release from your local machine. An alternative use case is to publish and close the repository and let others review and preview the publication before the release.

The use case is possible by using find${repository.name.capitalize()}StagingRepository (e.g. findSonatypeStagingRepository) task. By default, initialize${repository.name.capitalize()}StagingRepository task adds a description to the repository which defaults to $group:$module:$version of the root project, so the repository can be found later using the same description.

The description can be customized via:

io.github.gradlenexus.publishplugin.NexusPublishExtension.getRepositoryDescription property (default: $group:$module:$version of the root project)
io.github.gradlenexus.publishplugin.InitializeNexusStagingRepository.repositoryDescription property
io.github.gradlenexus.publishplugin.FindStagingRepository.descriptionRegex property (regex, default: "\\b" + Regex.escape(repositoryDescription) + "(\\s|$)")

So the steps to publish and release in different Gradle invocations are:

Publish the artifacts to the staging repository: ./gradlew publishToSonatype
Close the staging repository: ./gradlew findSonatypeStagingRepository closeSonatypeStagingRepository
Release the staging repository: ./gradlew findSonatypeStagingRepository releaseSonatypeStagingRepository

(in the above example, steps 1 and 2 could be also combined into ./gradlew publishToSonatype closeSonatypeStagingRepository, to make only the releasing done in a separate step)

Summary Tasks

If you declare multiple repositories, you get a separate set of tasks for each of the repositories. If you for example declared the repositories sonatype and otherNexus, you get these tasks:

closeSonatypeStagingRepository
closeOtherNexusStagingRepository
releaseSonatypeStagingRepository
releaseOtherNexusStagingRepository
closeAndReleaseSonatypeStagingRepository
closeAndReleaseOtherNexusStagingRepository

For convenience there are also summary tasks generated, that group the tasks for the different repositories, which are

closeStagingRepositories
releaseStagingRepositories
closeAndReleaseStagingRepositories

In the typical use-case, which is only one repository for publishing to Maven Central, these tasks still are useful, especially if you are using Kotlin DSL build scripts, because those summary tasks are always added, independent of declared repositories. Due to that there are type-safe accessors generated that can be used conveniently for task dependencies.

Full example

Groovy DSL

plugins {
    id "java-library"
    id "maven-publish"
    id "signing"
    id "io.github.gradle-nexus.publish-plugin" version "«version»"
}

publishing {
    publications {
        mavenJava(MavenPublication) {
            from(components.java)

            pom {
                name = "<<Component Name>>"
                description = "<<Component Description>>"
                url = "<<Component URL>>"
                licenses {
                    license {
                        name = "<<License Name>>"
                        url = "<<License URL>>"
                    }
                }
                developers {
                    developer {
                        id = "<<Developer ID>>"
                        name = "<<Developer Name>>"
                        email = "<<Developer Email>>"
                    }
                }
                scm {
                    connection = "<<SCM Connection URL>>"
                    developerConnection = "<<SCM Dev Connection URL>>"
                    url = "<<Source URL>>"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

nexusPublishing {
    repositories {
        myNexus {
            nexusUrl = uri("https://your-server.com/staging")
            snapshotRepositoryUrl = uri("https://your-server.com/snapshots")
            username = "your-username" // defaults to project.properties["myNexusUsername"]
            password = "your-password" // defaults to project.properties["myNexusPassword"]
        }
    }
}

signing {
    sign publishing.publications.mavenJava
}

Kotlin DSL

plugins {
    `java-library`
    `maven-publish`
    signing
    id("io.github.gradle-nexus.publish-plugin") version "«version»"
}

publishing {
    publications {
        create<MavenPublication>("mavenJava") {
            from(components["java"])

            pom {
                name.set("<<Component Name>>")
                description.set("<<Component Description>>")
                url.set("<<Component URL>>")
                licenses {
                    license {
                        name.set("<<License Name>>")
                        url.set("<<License URL>>")
                    }
                }
                developers {
                    developer {
                        id.set("<<Developer ID>>")
                        name.set("<<Developer Name>>")
                        email.set("<<Developer Email>>")
                    }
                }
                scm {
                    connection.set("<<SCM Connection URL>>")
                    developerConnection.set("<<SCM Dev Connection URL>>")
                    url.set("<<Source URL>>")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

nexusPublishing {
    repositories {
        create("myNexus") {
            nexusUrl.set(uri("https://your-server.com/staging"))
            snapshotRepositoryUrl.set(uri("https://your-server.com/snapshots"))
            username.set("your-username") // defaults to project.properties["myNexusUsername"]
            password.set("your-password") // defaults to project.properties["myNexusPassword"]
        }
    }
}

signing {
    sign(publishing.publications["mavenJava"])
}

HTTP Timeouts

You can configure the connectTimeout and clientTimeout properties on the nexusPublishing extension to set the connect and read/write timeouts (both default to 5 minutes). Good luck!

Retries for state transitions

When closing or releasing a staging repository the plugin first initiates the transition and then retries a configurable number of times with a configurable delay after each attempt. Both can be configured like this:

Groovy DSL

import java.time.Duration

nexusPublishing {
    transitionCheckOptions {
        maxRetries = 100
        delayBetween = Duration.ofSeconds(5)
    }
}

Kotlin DSL

import java.time.Duration

nexusPublishing {
    transitionCheckOptions {
        maxRetries.set(100)
        delayBetween.set(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
    }
}

maxRetries default value is 60.
delayBetween default value is 10 seconds.

Compatibility

Nexus Version	Compatible?
Sonatype Maven Central Repository	Yes
Sonatype Nexus Repository Manager 2.x	Yes
Sonatype Nexus Repository Manager 3.x	No / #320

Troubleshooting

Log into your staging repository account. On the left side, expand "Build Promotion", then click "Staging Repositories". Here, you should see your newly created repositories. You can click on one of them, then select the "Activity" tab to see any errors that have occurred.

Behind the scenes

The plugin does the following:

configure a Maven artifact repository for each repository defined in the nexusPublishing { repositories { ... } } block in each subproject that applies the maven-publish or the ivy-publish plugin
creates a retrieve{repository.name.capitalize()}StagingProfile task that retrieves the staging profile id from the remote Nexus repository. This is a diagnostic task to enable setting the configuration property stagingProfileId in nexusPublishing { repositories { myRepository { ... } } }. Specifying the configuration property rather than relying on the API call is considered a performance optimization.
create a initialize${repository.name.capitalize()}StagingRepository task that starts a new staging repository in case the project's version does not end with -SNAPSHOT (customizable via the useStaging property) and sets the URL of the corresponding Maven artifact repository accordingly. In case of a multi-project build, all subprojects with the same nexusUrl will use the same staging repository.
make all publishing tasks for each configured repository depend on the initialize${repository.name.capitalize()}StagingRepository task
create a publishTo${repository.name.capitalize()} lifecycle task that depends on all publishing tasks for the corresponding Maven artifact repository
create close${repository.name.capitalize()}StagingRepository and release${repository.name.capitalize()}StagingRepository tasks that must run after the all publishing tasks
- to simplify the common use case also a closeAndRelease${repository.name.capitalize()}StagingRepository task is created which depends on all the close* and release* tasks for a given repository

Historical background

In 2015, Marcin Zajączkowski created gradle-nexus-staging-plugin which was providing an ability to close and release staging repositories in Nexus repository manager. It opened an opportunity to manage releasing Gradle projects to Maven Central completely from code. Over the years, it has been adopted by various projects across the globe, however there was a small problem. Due to technical limitations in the publishing process in Gradle, it was required to use heuristics to track implicitly created staging repositories, what often failed for multiple repositories in a given state. The situation became even worse when Travis changed its network architecture in late 2019 and the majority of releases started to fail. Here, Marc Philipp entered the stage who created Nexus Publish Plugin which was enriching the publishing mechanism in Gradle to explicitly create staging repositories and publish (upload) artifacts directly to it.

Those two plugins nicely worked together, providing a reliable way to handle publishing artifacts to Maven Central (and to other Nexus instances in general). However, the need of using two plugins was very often confusing for users. As a result, an idea to create one plugin mixing the aforementioned capabilities emerged. It materialized in 2020/2021 as Gradle Nexus Publish Plugin, an effect of combined work of Marc and Marcin, supported by a pack of contributors.

gradle-nexus/publish-plugin

Gradle Nexus Publish Plugin

Usage

Applying the plugin

Java compatibility

Publishing to Maven Central via Sonatype OSSRH

Configure Signing

Publishing with Ivy

Using Ivy repositories with different artifact patterns

Add Metadata

Publishing and closing in different Gradle invocations

Summary Tasks

Full example

Groovy DSL

Kotlin DSL

HTTP Timeouts

Retries for state transitions

Groovy DSL

Kotlin DSL

Compatibility

Troubleshooting

Behind the scenes

Historical background