Dali is the server-side half of an image-based C2 channel which utilizes Imgur to host images and task agents. From Dali you can:
- Create stego'd images with commands
- Create albums for agent responses
- Create agent entities for tracking
- Create/issue tasking for agents
- Retrieve responses from agents
Dali was created as a proof-of-concept and is bring your own implant (BYOI). For my testing purposes, I created a crude agent.py script to simulate a proper implant in the wild. You will need to hardcode the URL of your uploaded tasking images in order to use the script to respond to tasking.
Dali has not been rigorously tested for bugs, I'm sure they exist! Issue a pull-request if you want or just ping me on Twitter.
This has been covered in great detail on my blog. Shortly, it uses the differences in the least significant bit of each red-pixel value to create 8-digit binary numbers that are harcoded to a dictionary which holds key-value pairs for Base64 encoding/decoding.
Please consult my blog post on Dali before trying to use it. All testing was performed with 2560x1440 PNG files.
- Please consult the Imgur API documentation and read the Terms of Service for API applications
- Obtain a Client-ID by registering your application
- Obtain a Bearer token by creating an authenticated account and tying it to your API client
- Configure MySQL to accept credentialed logins (just because you can access MySQL as root on Kali doesn't mean it's been configured!)
Here is the main-menu and the available options. The CLI behaves similarly to Metasploit, which I took inspiration from.
Since unauthenticated PNG files can only be 1MB, if you anticipate a long repsonse from the agent, such as a ps -aux or a netstat -ano, use an authenticated album. Otherwise, the image will be cropped and the response snipped if it is too long. Short responses are limited to about 33,000 base64 characters.
Options: Example Value:
- Auth-Type Unauth or Auth
- Title Test Album
- Client-ID <Client-ID for your API Application>
- Bearer-Token <Auth token associated with your API Application>
This module will create a stego'd image with a hidden command, response album, and token of some sort for the agent to respond. The agent will get the command, run it, store the output in a response image, post the response image in the response album using the token.
Again, response is driven by size of the response image. Short enables unauthenticated responses from the agent, Long enables authenticated responses. No response can be used for things like sending reverse shells.
Options: Example Value:
- Command uname -a
- Response Short
- Base-Image example.png
- New-Filename output.png
- Client-ID <Client-ID for your API Application>
- Bearer-Token <Auth token associated with your API Application>
- Album-ID 1
This module will create an agent for tasking. All this module is intended to do is organize taskings and tie images to certain agents. In a real framework, this would compile and create an implant. Theoretically, the agent would be using a combination of title-words and tags to find the tasking image, so that's what we set here.
Options: Example Value:
- Title test title
- Tags test,dali,cool
This module actually initializes tasking by tying an agent to an image and then uploading the image to the public Imgur gallery using an auth token. This module will update the tasked-agent's status to TASKED and will create a MySQL entry reflecting that the tasking is PENDING.
Options: Example Value:
- Tasking-Image 1
- Title Test Title
- Tags test,dali,cool
- Agent 1
- Bearer-Token <Auth token associated with your API Application>
The List Responses command will show available responses from agents. Get Response <Agent-ID> command will retrieve the actual response payload from the agent.
Once a response is received, this module also deletes the tasking image in the Imgur Gallery and updates the agent and tasking entries appropriately in MySQL.
These modules are available so that you if you need some information for a module, you can exit that module, visit this module, retrieve the information and then enter back into your previous module to complete your work. The commands are pretty self explanatory and snippets of its use have been included in the asciinema videos above.
Delete will actually clear MySQL data so as far as Dali is concerned, that entity no longer exists.
pip3 install -r requirements.txt