Simple Loops Lab

Learning Goals

Use loops in combination with methods
Use loops to work with arrays

Introduction

Loops can be potent tools in combination with methods. In this lab, we are going to explore using loops and methods in conjunction.

Instructions

Your task is to write four methods, loop_message_five_times, loop_message_n_times, output_array, and return_string_array. Each method uses a loop in a slightly different way:

`loop_message_five_times`

The loop_message_five_times method has one parameter - a message string. Write this method so that the string parameter is output five times with puts.

`loop_message_n_times`

The loop_message_n_times method is similar to the previous method. However, this method should take in two parameters, a message string and an integer. Write this method so that the number of times the message is output is equal to the provided integer.

`output_array`

The output_array method takes one parameter, an array. This method should loop over the array and output each element using puts. For instance, if I had the following array:

2.6.1 :001 > quote = ["All great achievements", "require time", "- Maya Angelou"]
 => ["All great achievements", "require time", "- Maya Angelou"]

And I passed it into output_array, I should get the following:

2.6.1 :002 > output_array(quote)
All great achievements
require time
- Maya Angelou
 => nil

`return_string_array`

The return_string_array method also takes one parameter, an array. This time is slightly different - instead of outputting anything, this method should return an array. This method should loop over the provided array, convert each element to a string, and return the new array of strings.

Use learn to see your progress as you go, and learn submit once you've passed all the tests. Try your best to solve these. Below is a walkthrough in case you get stuck.

Solving this Lab

This lab involves four variations on the same method structure - a loop inside a method that uses method parameters:

def method_name(parameter)
  count = 0
  while count < (something)
    # do something with the parameter
    count += 1
  end
end

The first one, the loop_message_five_times method, uses a hard-coded loop to output the parameter:

def loop_message_five_times(message)
  count = 0
  while count < 5 do
    puts message
    count += 1
  end
end

A handy method if you ever need to output something five times. The second method, loop_message_n_times, gives us a bit more flexibility by allowing us to customize the number of loops the code should perform. We do this by replacing the hard-coded 5 with the second parameter:

def loop_message_n_times(message, limit)
  count = 0
  while count < limit do
    puts message
    count += 1
  end
end

Now we have a slightly more versatile method. Loop messages however many times you would like! Instead of looping the same output over any over, it would be nice to mix it up a little. With an array, we can store a whole set of strings and use a loop to output them all. In output_array this can be achieved with the following:

def output_array(array)
  count = 0
  while count < array.length do
    puts array[count]
    count += 1
  end
end

No matter the length of the array provided, this code will always loop over every element.

The final method, return_string_array, also loops over an array. This time, it converts each element in the array to a string. This method needs to return an array of these converted values.

We know we will need to create a loop that will run through each element of the array.

def return_string_array(array)
  count = 0
  while count < array.length do

    count += 1
  end
end

Integers, Dates, and even Arrays can be converted to strings using the .to_s method that is built in to each class. Regardless of what is included in the provided array, we can loop through and convert everything with the .to_s command:

def return_string_array(array)
  count = 0
  while count < array.length do
    array[count].to_s
    count += 1
  end
end

The above code covers the conversion, but we still need to return these values. The solution is to create a new, empty array before the loop. During every loop, we store the newly converted string value in the new array. At the end of the method, we return this new array:

def return_string_array(array)
  count = 0
  new_array = []
  while count < array.length do
    new_array.push(array[count].to_s) # OR new_array << array[count].to_s
    count += 1
  end
  new_array
end

This method should now return a new array full of the string versions of the original array.

Note: One important thing to keep in mind - there is an alternative solution some of you may have discovered. Instead of creating a new array, we could modify the passed in array, replacing each element with its string version. This solution would look like the following:

def return_string_array(array)
  count = 0
  while count < array.length do
    array[count] = array[count].to_s
    count += 1
  end
  array
end

The tests will not fault you for this. However, there is an important "gotcha" early programmers fall for that should be recognized here. In the previous solution, we created and returned a new array. Whatever the original array was, it remained unaltered. If you passed the following array into return_string_array:

2.6.1 :001 > original_array = [1, 2, 3]
 => [1, 2, 3]
2.6.1 :002 > return_string_array(original_array)
 => ["1", "2", "3"]

...the original_array is unchanged:

2.6.1 :003 > original_array
 => [1, 2, 3]

The original_array variable is still integers. In this alternative solution, the original array gets altered:

2.6.1 :001 > original_array = [1, 2, 3]
 => [1, 2, 3]
2.6.1 :002 > return_string_array(original_array)
 => ["1", "2", "3"]
2.6.1 :003 > original_array
 => ["1", "2", "3"]

One reason we prefer to create a new array - in a more extensive application, many methods might use the original array and changing it could have unexpected consequences. There might be use cases for this, but for the purpose of this method, we are just deriving string values from the original array; we do not need to modify the original array, so it is better to leave it alone.

Conclusion

The combination of a method and a loop can be used to work through arrays, making them very useful. These sorts of tasks are so common that there are built-in ways to do these tasks called Enumerables, which we will learn about shortly. When you get there, though, know that there is no magic in them - you can create them all with simple loops and have done so already!

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