Introduction

NOTICE: 1. There are bugs for python<=3.9, please use python>=3.10. 2. Optimization has been implemented for the exponential method UModel.fault_diagnosability() with mathematical theories, and we are testing (accelerate from 10 hours to 100 seconds, model states $10^8\sim 10^{10}$). 3. Check issue30 for more info.

PyUPPAAL is a research tool that helps you do most things that you can do with UPPAAL GUI. Basic coding flow is:

load and edit a .xml model, just like you edit a model in UPPAAL GUI;
set the query, just like you edit the queries in UPPAAL GUI;
verify a model with the query and options (e.g., shortest path), just like you click the "Verify" button in UPPAAL GUI.

In addition to the above functions, you can also

load a .xtr trace, and get the formatted trace data as SimTrace;
modify NTA of UPPAAL xml model, including templates, systems, and queries, etc. (Example);
add built-in templates such as Input, Observer, and other monitors in class Template;
find all patterns of the model with certain query with find_all_patterns method;
common problem solutions, such as , fault_identification, fault_diagnosability, and fault_tolerance;
[todo] analyze the SMC simulation results.

Demos are provided to help understand how PyUPPAAL can contribute to scientific research:

Quickstart

1. Installation

pip install pyuppaal

2. Before Coding

Remember to set the verifyta_path in your first line of code.

pyuppaal.set_verifyta_path("your/path/to/verifyta.exe")

3. Verify a Model

Lets take the following model P1 with query A[] not deadlock as the example. You can download this file via [this_link].

import pyuppaal as pyu

print(pyu.__version__)
# set verifyta path
pyu.set_verifyta_path(r"C:\Users\Taco\Documents\GitHub\cav2024\bin\uppaal64-4.1.26\bin-Windows\verifyta.exe")

demo_path = 'demo.xml'

# verify and return the terminal result
terminal_res = pyu.Verifyta().verify(demo_path)
print(terminal_res)

# another method
umod = pyu.UModel(demo_path)
umod_res = umod.verify()

assert terminal_res == umod_res

1.2.0
Writing example trace to demo-1.xtr
Options for the verification:
  Generating shortest trace
  Search order is breadth first
  Using conservative space optimisation
  Seed is 1705648037
  State space representation uses minimal constraint systems
�[2K
Verifying formula 1 at /nta/queries/query[1]/formula
�[2K -- Formula is satisfied.

You can also edit the model and get all possible patterns that satisfy the query.

The red line is pattern1, and the green line is pattern2.

# save as a new file because find_all_patterns will modify the file
umod = umod.save_as('demo_new.xml')
# set the queries of the xml model.
umod.queries ='E<> P1.pass'

print("broadcast channels: ", umod.broadcast_chan)
print("queries: ", umod.queries)
# get one trace
print('\n', umod.easy_verify())
# find all patterns
all_patterns = umod.find_all_patterns()
for i, pattern in enumerate(all_patterns):
    print(f'pattern{i+1}: ', pattern.untime_pattern)

broadcast channels:  ['a', 'b', 'd', 'c']
queries:  ['E<> P1.pass']

 State [0]: ['P1.start']
global_variables [0]: None
Clock_constraints [0]: [t(0) - P1.t ≤ 0; P1.t - t(0) ≤ 10; ]
transitions [0]: a: P1 -> ; P1.start -> P1._id2;
-----------------------------------
State [1]: ['P1._id2']
global_variables [1]: None
Clock_constraints [1]: [t(0) - P1.t ≤ -10; ]
transitions [1]: b: P1 -> ; P1._id2 -> P1.pass;
-----------------------------------
State [2]: ['P1.pass']
global_variables [2]: None
Clock_constraints [2]: [t(0) - P1.t ≤ -10; ]

pattern1:  ['a', 'b']
pattern2:  ['c', 'd']

4. Verify with Multi-threads

import pyuppaal as pyu
import time
import multiprocessing.dummy as mp

print(pyu.__version__)
# set verifyta path
pyu.set_verifyta_path(r"C:\Users\Taco\Documents\GitHub\cav2024\bin\uppaal64-4.1.26\bin-Windows\verifyta.exe")

model_path_list = ['demo.xml', 'demo_new.xml'] * 100
trace_path_list = ['demo_trace.xtr', 'demo_new_grace.xtr'] * 100
# for loop
t0 = time.time()
for model, trace in zip(model_path_list, trace_path_list):
    pyu.Verifyta().verify(model_path=model, trace_path=trace)
print(f'Verify with for loop, time usage {time.time() - t0}')

# multi-threads
t0 = time.time()
# pyu.Verifytaeasy_verify(model_path=model_path_list, trace_path=trace_path_list, num_threads=20)
p = mp.Pool()
p.starmap(pyu.Verifyta().verify, zip(model_path_list, trace_path_list))
print(f'Verify with multi-threads, time usage {time.time() - t0}')

1.2.0
Verify with for loop, time usage 8.57197093963623
Verify with multi-threads, time usage 1.5158562660217285

5. Get Communication Graph

For models with multiple processes, you can use umod.get_communication_graph() method to visualize the sturcture of the model.

An example communication graph of a complex model in Demo_PipeNet is shown below: