/Raspberry-Pi-Setup-Guide

A really opionionated guide how to setup a Raspberry Pi (1 or 2) with Arch Linux including WiringPi, NTP, Wi-Fi, SSH, Ruby, ZSH and more.

Raspberry Pi Setup Guide

A really opionionated guide how to setup every version of a Raspberry Pi with Arch Linux including Wi-Fi, SSH, Hotspot and more.

Some words regarding the hardware

I recommend you to get a speed class 10 SD Card with more than 4 GB capacity for optimal performance.

Additionally you should buy a small heatsink. Something like that and attach it to the CPU of the Raspberry Pi.

What you'll need

  • A linux machine with a working SD card slot
  • bsdtar or tar, fdisk

1. Setup the SD card

1.1. Format the SD card with fdisk

Replace /dev/sdX with the SD Card device. Make sure that the device is the SD card and not your harddrive, otherwise you'll destroy your linux installation! You can see which device you'll have to use by running sudo fdisk -l after putting the SD card into the slot.

  1. Start fdisk via sudo fdisk /dev/sdX.
  2. At the fdisk prompt, delete existing partitions: Type o. This will clear out any partitions on the drive. Then type p to list partitions. There should be no partitions left.
  3. Type n, then p for primary, 1 for the first partition on the drive, press ENTER to accept the default first sector, then type +100M for the last sector.
  4. Type t, then c to set the first partition to type W95 FAT32 (LBA).
  5. Type n, then p for primary, 2 for the second partition on the drive, and then press ENTER twice to accept the default first and last sector.
  6. Write the partition table and exit by typing w.
  7. Now create a FAT filesystem: mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX1 and mount the new boot partition via mkdir boot && sudo mount /dev/sdX1 boot
  8. Also create the ext4 filesystem for the root partition: mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX2 and mount it: mkdir root && sudo mount /dev/sdX2 root

1.2. Download the image from the website

For Raspberry Pi 3

wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-latest.tar.gz
bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-latest.tar.gz -C root
sync

1.3. Move boot files to the first partition:

mv root/boot/* boot

Unmount the two partitions:

umount boot root

1.4. Put the SD Card into your pi, power it on and login with alarm/alarm

You can have connected a keyboard via USB and some kind of screen via HDMI or you can connect to the Pi via SSH after it's booted.

2. Basic system setup

First of all get root:

su

The password is root.

2.1. German keyboard layout and timezone

Of course just if you want to have a german keyboard layout. You may skip this step or use another layout.

echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
rm /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Jakarta /etc/localtime
export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

2.2. Setup swapfile

fallocate -l 1024M /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
echo 'vm.swappiness=1' > /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
  • Then add the following line to /etc/fstab:
/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0

2.3. Set hardware clock to UTC and set timezone

timedatectl set-local-rtc 0

3. Update system and enable NTP

3.1. Tweak pacman

sed -i 's/#Color/Color/' /etc/pacman.conf # Add color to pacman

3.2. System update

pacman -Sy pacman
pacman-key --init
pacman -S archlinux-keyring
pacman-key --populate archlinux
pacman -Syu --ignore filesystem
pacman -S filesystem --force
reboot

After the Pi is booted again, connect via SSH (if you don't have attached a keyboard and screen) and login with alarm/alarm and get root again via su.

3.3. NTP

pacman -S ntp
systemctl enable ntpd.service
systemctl start ntpd.service

4. Advanced setup

4.1. Set a secure root passwd

passwd

4.2. Set hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname your-hostname

4.3. sudo & user

pacman -S sudo
visudo
  • Search for following line and uncomment it:
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
  • Add a new user
useradd -d /home/gpa -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash gpa
  • Set a password for your new user:
passwd gpa

  • Log out and log in with our newly created user

  • After that, delete the old alarm user:

sudo userdel alarm

4.4. Additional software

sudo pacman -S --needed nfs-utils htop openssh git wget base-devel dialog wpa_supplicant wireless_tools iw vim usb_modeswitch raspberrypi-firmware ppp polkit create_ap

Phreaking software

sudo pacman -S corkscrew badvpn httping sshpass openvpn python2

4.5 Get Hilink Modems working

systemctl enable dhcpcd.service
systemctl start dhcpcd.service
  • Install yaourt:
wget https://aur.archlinux.org/cgit/aur.git/snapshot/package-query.tar.gz
tar -xvzf package-query.tar.gz
cd package-query
makepkg -si
cd ..
wget https://aur.archlinux.org/cgit/aur.git/snapshot/yaourt.tar.gz
tar -xvzf yaourt.tar.gz
cd yaourt
makepkg -si

cd ../
rm -rf package-query/ package-query.tar.gz yaourt/ yaourt.tar.gz
  • Replace hostapd with a modified binary for TP-Link WN725N
wget -P /tmp/ http://www.daveconroy.com/wp3/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/hostapd.zip
unzip /tmp/hostapd.zip 
mv /usr/sbin/hostapd /usr/sbin/hostapd.default
cp /tmp/hostapd /usr/sbin/hostapd
mv /tmp/hostapd /usr/bin/hostapd.tp-link
chmod 755 /usr/sbin/hostapd

Change the line saying PATH=:

# Set our default path
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/vc/sbin:/opt/vc/bin"
export PATH

And reload it:

source /etc/profile

4.6 WiringPi

sudo git clone git://git.drogon.net/wiringPi /opt/wiringpi
cd /opt/wiringpi
sudo ./build

gpio -v
gpio readall
  • The last both command should give an ok or something similar. If not, something may be broken.

6. Raspberry Pi overclocking

You may want to overclock the Pi. And you won't even lose the guarantee for your pi, if you use the "offical" overclocking presets. The simplest way to overclock the pi is rasp-config tool which ships with the offical allowed overclocking presets.

wget https://raw.github.com/chattama/raspi-config-archlinux/archlinux/raspi-config

Get to the overclocking menu and choose the overclocking preset you want. I recommend the "high" preset. After changing the overclocking preset, reboot your raspberry pi.

7. Wi-Fi

sudo wifi-menu -o
netctl start yourWifiSSID
netctl enable yourWifiSSID
  • Logout and login back again or just reboot the pi

11. Tweaks

11.1 Increase SD card lifetime

Change in your fstab:

sudo vim /etc/fstab
/dev/root  /  ext4  defaults,nodiratime,noatime,discard  0  0

Sources