The development of software functionalities, or applications in general, that monitor and analyze manufacturing related data in order to improve, support or automate processes, is becoming increasingly important in industry. These applications require several information from different data sources in their context. An application that is planning a maintenance workers daily schedule for instance, requires several information about machine statuses, production plans and inventory, which resides in different systems likes Programmable Logical Controllers (PLC) or Structured Query Language (SQL) databases. Furthermore, manufacturing companies usually run machines and software systems from different vendors or of different ages. The schemata used in such systems do therefore not follow a certain standard, i.e. they are very heterogeneous in their semantics. When building such applications, accessing, searching and understanding the data sources is becoming a very time intensive, manual and error prone procedure that is repeated for every newly build application and for every newly introduced data source. To allow for an eased access, searching and understanding of these heterogeneous data sources, an ontology can be used to integrate all heterogeneous data sources in one schemata.
This repository contains an ontology of ISA88 which is a standard to describe properties. We maintain a whole list of standard-based ontologies, check out these links:
The ISA88 (also known as ANSI/ISA-88) is an international standard for batch process control. Developed by the International Society of Automation (ISA), its scope and purpose include the following: Scope:
- Batch Process Control: ISA88 is focused on the control and automation of batch processes, which are common in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and chemicals.
- Standardization: It provides a standardized framework for designing and operating batch control systems, ensuring consistency and interoperability across different systems and industries.
- Hierarchical Modeling: It introduces a hierarchical model for organizing the physical and procedural aspects of batch processes, including equipment, control modules, and procedural elements.
Purpose:
- Improving Efficiency: The standard aims to improve the efficiency and flexibility of batch production by providing clear guidelines for process design and control.
- Enhancing Communication: It facilitates better communication and understanding between different stakeholders, such as process engineers, operators, and software developers, by using a common set of terminology and concepts.
- Ensuring Quality: By standardizing batch control processes, ISA88 helps ensure consistent product quality and regulatory compliance.
- Enabling Integration: It supports the integration of batch control systems with other enterprise systems, such as Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.
Figure 1: ISA 88 Model in UML
If you want to this ontology design pattern, the easiest way is to directly import it into your ontology via owl:imports statements. Make sure to reference a fixed release version so that you can't get surprised by future changes. To do so, click on the branch selection right below the number of commits and select a tag from the dropdown, e.g. v1.4.2. Then navigate to the .owl-file and open the raw file. For this example it would be https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hsu-aut/IndustrialStandard-ODP-ISA88/v1.4.2/ISA88.owl. You can use this URL in an owl:imports statement of your ontology. If you're having trouble using this URL in a tool like Protégé, try opening your ontology with a text editor and simply inserting your imports manually.
An example of an imports section looks like this:
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://www.hsu-ifa.de/ontologies/capability-model#">
<owl:versionIRI rdf:resource="http://www.hsu-ifa.de/ontologies/capability-model/1.0.0#"/>
<owl:imports rdf:resource="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hsu-aut/IndustrialStandard-ODP-ISA88/v1.4.2/ISA88.owl"/>
</owl:Ontology>Of course you can also clone or download this repository and import an ODP from a local copy. The advantage of the first approach is that tools like Protégé or TopBraid Composer will directly use the ontologies from the internet and you can simply increase the version number in case you want to use a newer version of our ODPs.
In case you want to make creating individuals from these TBoxes a lot easier, check out our 'Lightweight Industrial Ontology Design Support Tool' (LiOnS). It is designed to create RDF models using the Ontology Design Patterns of this repository. This enables users to:
- Semi-automatically design RDF models (only variable parts of the graph have to be defined)
- Consistent modelling, without being an ontology expert
- Downloading Turtle serialized models or SPARQL INSERTs
For more information, see https://github.com/hsu-aut/lion.
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- C. Hildebrandt, S. Törsleff, T. Bandyszak, B. Caesar, A. Ludewig, A. Fay: Ontology Engineering for Collaborative Embedded Systems – Requirements and Initial Approach. In: Schäfer, Karagiannis (Hrsg.): Fachtagung Modellierung, 2018.
- C. Hildebrandt, S. Törsleff, B. Caesar, A. Fay: Ontology Building for Cyber-Physical Systems: A domain expert centric approach. In: 2018 14th IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2018), 2018.
- C. Hildebrandt, A. Scholz, A. Fay, T. Schröder, T. Hadlich, C. Diedrich, M. Dubovy, C. Eck, R. Wiegand: Semantic Modeling for Collaboration and Cooperation of Systems in the production domain. In: 22nd IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2017.