JavaScript `fetch()` Lab

Overview

In this lab, you'll use fetch() to get remote data from and write data to GitHub.

Introduction

We're going to use fetch to get data from GitHub, fork a repository, and post issues to our forked repository.

Using fetch to get remote data after using XMLHttpRequest is a little like riding in a convertible with the top down after spending your whole life walking like a sucker.

Getting data from the GitHub API with fetch is super simple. If we're just trying to GET some JSON, we can do this:

fetch('https://api.github.com/repos/jquery/jquery/commits')
  .then(resp => resp.json())
  .then(json => console.log(json));

Keeping in mind that we can use the json method of the Body mixin to render our response as JSON, and that each then passes its return value to the next then as an argument.

Authentication Token

GitHub's v3 API uses OAuth2 for authorization. Setting up the full OAuth2 authorization code grant workflow is beyond the scope of this lab, but it is described well in the GitHub docs, and I highly recommend you give it a read.

Fortunately, GitHub also allows you to generate your own personal authorization token that we can use to give us authorized access to the API.

If you already have a personal token that you've been using to make API requests, you can keep using that one. Otherwise, you'll need to generate a new one.

To start, go to github.com/settings/tokens and click "Generate new token." Name it something like "Learn.co", and check repo scope. Once you generate the token, make sure to copy and paste it somewhere, because once you leave that page, you won't be able to see it again.

Using the token to access the API is a simple matter of creating an Authorization header with our request.

We need to provide our authorization token in order to list our own repositories with this API, so let's add our Authorization header (don't forget to assign your token to const token).

const token = 'YOUR_TOKEN_HERE';

fetch('https://api.github.com/user/repos', {
  headers: {
    Authorization: `token ${token}`
  }
}).then(res => res.json()).then(json => console.log(json));

We just pass the desired headers as part of a second options argument to fetch and we are in business. Easy as that!

Getting Past `GET`

While GET operations are straightforward, when we're building out full applications, we often need to use other HTTP verbs, such as POST, to write data as well as read it. Luckily, it's very easy to POST with fetch as well.

Let's look at an example of posting a new comment to a commit with the GitHub API. Replace the commit with a commit from one of your repositories, and use your token if you want to try this out.

const token = 'YOUR_TOKEN_HERE';
const postData = {
  body: 'Great stuff'
};

fetch('https://api.github.com/repos/:your_ghname/:your_repo/commits/:sha/comments', {
  method: 'POST',
  body: JSON.stringify(postData),
  headers: {
    Authorization: `token ${token}`
  }
}).then(res => console.log(res));

Here we created an object called postData that we will pass as a JSON string using JSON.stringify in the request body. We're also setting the method to 'POST', and finally using our Authorization header like we did before, since any write action is going to require authorization.

All of these additional settings go in that options argument, which is just an object that we can pass as the second argument to fetch.

Finally, we can examine the response in our then function just the same as we did with a GET request.

Top-tip: Make sure you read the API documentation carefully! They will often specify which fields are required and which are optional, as well as the format of the request body. GitHub expects JSON data in the body, but another API might want form data (which you can create with new FormData() or XML or something else. Always read the docs!

Instructions

We're going to be making an app to allow us to fork a repo and create issues on that fork. The basic HTML and JavaScript are provided in index.html and index.js. Your job will be to follow the instructions and complete the code to make it work. Don't forget to run it in the browser to see it in action, and run the tests to make sure they pass!

You'll need to read the GitHub API documentation to see how each function works.

Note: Running it will require that you return your personal token in getToken(), however, the tests will not pass if you leave your token there, so before you commit and push, make sure you set return '' in the getToken function. NEVER give out your token or check it into GitHub!

Fork this repository in the forkRepo function. Display the JSON result in the results div by calling showResults. Read more about forking in the GitHub Forks API documentation. You should only be raising issues on your forked copy of the repository — not on the repo owned by learn-co-curriculum.
In showForkedRepo, display the repo information in the browser by appending html with a link to the repository url to the DOM.
Navigate to your forked repository (using the link in your html!) and enable Issues by clicking on the Settings tab and checking Issues. They will probably be turned off by default, and the next step won't work so well if they are disabled!
Create a new issue for your forked repository with the createIssue function. Use the title and body values from the provided form. After the issue is created, fetch and display a list of all issues associated with your repository on the page. Append them to a div with an id of "issues". Read more about creating issues via API calls in the GitHub Issues API documentation.
Load it up and watch it work!

Resources

View Javascript Fetch Lab on Learn.co and start learning to code for free.

hwanderlust/javascript-fetch-lab

JavaScript fetch() Lab