Conduits are transducers with a new interface. It tries to be simpler and more readable than the raw transducer interface, at the cost of performance.
With conduits, the take transducer can be implemented as follows:
(ns my.lib
(:refer-clojure :exclude [await])
(:require [com.hypirion.conduit :refer [await yield conduit]]))
(defn taking [n]
(conduit
(dotimes [_ n]
(yield (await)))))The actual take transducer is implemented like this:
(defn take
([n]
(fn [rf]
(let [nv (volatile! n)]
(fn
([] (rf))
([result] (rf result))
([result input]
(let [n @nv
nn (vswap! nv dec)
result (if (pos? n)
(rf result input)
result)]
(if (not (pos? nn))
(ensure-reduced result)
result)))))))
...)For some examples, see the clojure.core ports – all of Clojure's transducers implemented with conduits. For a more complex example, you can see an implementation of a simple moving average with conduits.
If you want the full story, you can read my blogpost From Transducers to Conduits and Back Again which explains in detail the entire library and the rationale for it. If you just want basic usage, you can continue reading this section.
To use clj-conduit, you need to add the following to your :dependencies:
[com.hypirion/conduit "0.1.0"]The most essential part of the conduit library is conduit, await and
yield. I usually prefer to refer them directly, like so:
(ns my.namespace
(:refer-clojure :exclude [await])
(:require [com.hypirion.conduit :refer [await yield conduit]]))Note that since there's already a function named await in clojure.core, we
exclude it to avoid the warning message.
conduit is a macro that transforms the code inside into transducer. It will
work as if the code is a process. To receive values from upstream, call await.
It can be considered as a "blocking" read, in which it will block until there is
a new value available. If there is no more values to read, it will block forever
(but contrary to Java threads, this will be garbage collected).
To send values downstream, call yield. This will indefinitely block if
downstream doesn't want any more values (and will be garbage collected).
If the conduit code block finishes or blocks on a yield, then it signals
upstream that it is done.
The smallest valuable conduit example is probably an implementation of the
transducer map. It is implemented as follows:
(defn mapping [f]
(conduit
(while true
(yield (f (await))))))Note that we have to wrap the (yield (f (await))) part in a while true-loop to
avoid reading just a single value. If it was implemented as follows, it would
only read (at most) a single value and send it down:
(defn mapping1 [f]
(conduit
(yield (f (await)))))Note that you must call yield and await directly inside a (conduit ...)
block, just like <! and friends from core.async needs to be called directly
inside a (go ...) block. This means that the following is not ok:
(defn await-n [n]
(dotimes [_ n]
(await))) ;; <- not ok, even if the call is inside a conduit
(defn taking [n]
(conduit
(doseq [val (repeatedly n await)]
;; ^- not ok to pass await/yield to higher order functions
(yield val))))Copyright © 2016 Jean Niklas L'orange
Distributed under the Eclipse Public License either version 1.0 or (at your option) any later version.