Setting Up a New Raspberry Pi

Operating System

I had an SD card pre-installed with NOOBS, so just plugged it in to power, a monitor and a keyboard, and was prompted to select my OS: Raspbian [RECOMMENDED]

If you don't have an SD card with NOOBS, follow instructions here
If you are reformatting an SD card that used to have NOOBS/raspbian, I followed instructions here

Follow prompts

Reset password
Wifi setup

SSH Tings

Enable SSH

Instructions here
Get hostname by running ifconfig

SSH in..

→ ssh pi@192.168.0.22
The authenticity of host '192.168.0.22 (192.168.0.22)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:TSC2QT/GchXZT+vCVwBicj777+4g+qBwsi3iQn0HP5o.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.22' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
pi@192.168.0.22's password:
Linux raspberrypi 4.14.71-v7+ #1145 SMP Fri Sep 21 15:38:35 BST 2018 armv7l

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Sat Oct 13 10:24:49 2018
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ pwd
/home/pi
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ logout
Connection to 192.168.0.22 closed.

Renaming your PI

This is so I know which raspberry pi is which when I'm looking at connected devices on my router

$ sudo vi /etc/hostname

Whatever you change your hostname to, you need to add it to /etc/hosts. For example, if you changed your hostname to mypi, add the following:

127.0.0.1 mypi

to the end of /etc/hosts

Enable passwordless SSH

Instructions here

TLDR:

If you already have a ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub, just do:

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh pi@192.168.0.22 'mkdir -p ~/.ssh && cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'

Static IP Address

Followed instructions here, and added the following to the end of my /etc/dhcpcd.conf file:

interface eth0

static ip_address=192.168.0.22/24
static routers=192.168.0.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1

interface wlan0

static ip_address=192.168.0.22/24
static routers=192.168.0.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1

Adding some SSH shortcuts

Remember hostnames is annoying, so adding some ssh shortcuts to my personal macbook

$ vi ~/.ssh/config

Host pi1
    HostName 192.168.0.17
    User pi

Host pi2
    HostName 192.168.0.22
    User pi

Camera Tings

IMPORTANT: See python 3 section below for instructions on how to get python 3 installed, and alias python to use python3.

Enable Camera

$ sudo raspi-config
Interfacing Options
Camera --> Yes

OpenCV

sudo pip3 install numpy

sudo apt install cmake gcc g++ git libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff5-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev pkg-config libgtk2.0-dev libopenblas-dev libatlas-base-dev liblapack-dev libeigen3-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev sphinx-common libtbb-dev yasm libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libopenexr-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavutil-dev libavfilter-dev libavformat-dev libavresample-dev ffmpeg

wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/3.4.3.zip
unzip 3.4.3
cd opencv-3.4.3

mkdir release
cd release

cmake -DBUILD_TIFF=ON -DBUILD_opencv_java=OFF -DWITH_CUDA=OFF -DWITH_OPENGL=ON -DWITH_OPENCL=ON -DWITH_IPP=ON -DWITH_TBB=ON -DWITH_EIGEN=ON -DWITH_V4L=ON -DWITH_VTK=OFF -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF -DBUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE ..


make -j -l 2
sudo make install

NOTE: If you have any issues running the make command, you may need to fiddle with the parameters. See #2 for a user who had this issue.

Testing:

requires picamera, installed below

import picamera
import cv2
from picamera.array import PiRGBArray
import numpy as np
import time


with picamera.PiCamera() as camera:
    camera.resolution = (640, 480)
    camera.framerate = 32
    print('Warming up camera')
    time.sleep(2)

    raw_capture = PiRGBArray(camera, size=(640, 480))
    i = 0
    for f in camera.capture_continuous(raw_capture, 'bgr',
                                       use_video_port=True):
        print (i)
        frame = f.array

        gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        cv2.imwrite('{}.png'.format(i), gray)

        # clear the stream in preparation for the next frame
        raw_capture.truncate(0)
        i += 1
        if i > 5:
            break

Reference
If the above doesnt work, try the more detailed guide by Adrian Rosebrock

Install some python packages

sudo pip install picamera
sudo pip install git+https://github.com/ian-whitestone/pantilt-hat.git

Check that the camera is working:

python3 -c "from picamera import PiCamera; import time; camera = PiCamera(); time.sleep(3); camera.capture('/home/pi/image.jpg')" scp pi1:image.jpg .

pantilthat

Enable I2C bus:
- sudo raspi-config
- Interface Options
- I2C
Install drivers/packages: https://github.com/pimoroni/pantilt-hat

sudo apt-get install pimoroni
pip3 install pantilthat

Testing:

➜  ~ python
Python 3.6.3 (default, Oct 13 2018, 14:52:29)
[GCC 6.3.0 20170516] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pantilthat
>>> import pantilthat as pt
>>> pt.get_pan()
30
>>> pt.get_tilt()
30
>>> pt.tilt(0)
>>> pt.pan(0)
>>>

Other Tings

Get oh-my-zsh

Instructions

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade 
sudo apt-get install git zsh
chsh -s /bin/zsh

# Get oh-my-zsh
sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

Get arrow keys working in python interpreter Source

sudo pip install readline
sudo apt install libreadline-dev

GPIO Testing

sudo pip3 install RPi.GPIO

import time
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(21, GPIO.IN)


while True:
    print (GPIO.input(21))
    time.sleep(0.1)

Install Screen

sudo apt-get install screen

Conda

IMPORTANT: I had some issues with conda, particularly when trying to get it to work with the pantilt library, so ended up not using it and installing python 3 from source, see section below for info on how to do that.

Install miniconda

wget http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-armv7l.sh
sudo md5sum Miniconda3-latest-Linux-armv7l.sh
sudo /bin/bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-armv7l.sh

# when prompted, change install path to /home/pi/miniconda3

Add the following to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc:

export PATH=/home/pi/miniconda3/bin:$PATH

Resource your profile:

source ~/.zshrc

And check your python path:

>>> which python
/home/pi/miniconda3/bin/python

Now install the anaconda-client so you can create conda environments:

sudo chown -R pi miniconda3
conda install anaconda-client

Create new environment:

conda create -n test python=3 -y

And activate it:

source activate test

Check which pip is the default:

which pip

If its not /home/pi/miniconda3/bin/pip, run a conda install pip, resource profile, and make sure which pip is now point to correct one.

pip install --upgrade pip

Python 3

Conda python doesnt work as well on an RPI, particularly when trying to get the pantilthat library with I2C and smbus working. Installing python 3 from source.

sudo apt-get install python3-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev -y
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tar.xz
tar xJf Python-3.6.3.tar.xz
cd Python-3.6.3
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

Testing out:

>>> which python3
/usr/local/bin/python3
>>> python3 --version
Python 3.6.3

Add some aliases to ~/.zshrc:

alias python=python3
alias pip=pip3

Redis

Followed instructions from this blog post.

Note: this line: sudo cp utils/redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redis_6379 should be: sudo cp utils/redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redis

As pointed out by someone in the comments.

Security and System Monitoring

fail2ban

Coming soon...

Glances

See docs

pip install glances[action,browser,cpuinfo,chart,web,wifi]

Note: if you are running this in a zsh shell, you need to escape the square brackets.

pip install glances\[action,browser,cpuinfo,chart,web,wifi\]

Kick it off:

glances -w

Fresh Setup with Ubuntu

Flashing OS Image to SD Card

Downloaded Raspberry Pi Imager from here
Formatted SD with Ubuntu 18.04.4 (Pi 2/3/4) 32 bit

First Login

Hook up raspberry pi to power source, monitor via HDMI cable and internet via an ethernet cable
You will see a terminal pop up on the screen
Login with ubuntu for both the username and password, then follow the prompts to change the password

Setting up and installing everything

Connect to wireless internet

Tried installing this:

sudo apt install -y wireless-tools

But got an error like Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock – open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable..as per here, you can run:

sudo lsof /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend

In my case I had some security upgrades running, so just waited until that process finished.

Next, I followed the instructions from this guide. Found it a bit tricky and had to go back and forth with the instructions a bit...I also had to use wlan0 instead of wlp4s0.

I also had to remove the ExecStop line from the suggested contents of /etc/systemd/system/dhclient.service. Not sure why this was there..it appears to release the IP address.

[Unit]
Description= DHCP Client
Before=network.target
After=wpa_supplicant.service

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/sbin/dhclient wlan0 -v
ExecStop=/sbin/dhclient wlan0 -r # Removed this line
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Ran curl https://ianwhitestone.work to validate the connect.

I then did a sudo reboot, logged back in, and re-ran that test to make sure I am connected to the wifi by default.

ssh setup

sudo apt update
sudo apt install openssh-server # it was already installed for me...

Ran ip a | grep 91 to grab my assigned IP address.

Renamed host, as per instructions above

Python Setup

TODO: figure out how to safely upgrade Python without borking the system python...

ian-whitestone/rpi-setup