icemanbsi/dson

dart library which converts Dart Objects into their JSON representation

https://travis-ci.org/dart-league/dson

DSON is a dart library which converts Dart Objects into their JSON representation.

This library was initially a fork from Dartson. Now it contains some differences:

• Dartson uses custom transformers to convert objects to JSON. This produce faster and smaller code after dart2Js. Instead DSON uses [serializable]() and [built_mirrors]() libraries. This should produce code as fast and small as Dartson transformer.

• DSON has the ability to serialize cyclical objects by mean of depth parameter, which allows users to specify how deep in the object graph they want to serialize.

• DSON has the ability to exclude attributes for serialziation in two ways.

  • Using @ignore over every attribute. This make excluding attributes too global and hardcoded, so users can only specify one exclusion schema.

  • Using exclude map as parameter for toJson method. This is more flexible, since it allows to have many exclusion schemas for serialization.

• DSON uses the annotation @serializable instead @entity which is used by Dartson.

Comparison with other libraries

https://github.com/drails-dart/dart-serialise

Tutorials

Configuration

1- Create a new dart project.

2- Add dependencies to pubspec.yaml

...
dependencies:
  ...
  dson: any # replace for latest version
  ...
dev_dependencies:
  ...
  build_runner: any
  build_web_compilers: any
  ...

3- Create/edit bin/main.dart or web/main.dart and add the code shown in any of the samples below.

4- Run either pub run build_runner build, or pub run build_runner watch, or pub run build_runner serve in the console

Convert objects to JSON strings

To convert objects to JSON strings you only need to use the toJson function, annotate the object with @serializable and pass the object to the toJson function as parameter:

library example.object_to_json; // this line is needed for the generator

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

part 'object_to_json.g.dart'; // this line is needed for the generator

@serializable
class Person extends _$PersonSerializable {
  int id;
  String firstName;
  var lastName; //This is a dynamic attribute could be String, int, double, num, date or another type
  double height;
  DateTime dateOfBirth;

  @SerializedName("renamed")
  String otherName;

  @ignore
  String notVisible;

  // private members are never serialized
  String _private = "name";

  String get doGetter => _private;
}

void main() {
  _initMirrors();

  Person object = new Person()
    ..id = 1
    ..firstName = "Jhon"
    ..lastName = "Doe"
    ..height = 1.8
    ..dateOfBirth = new DateTime(1988, 4, 1, 6, 31)
    ..otherName = "Juan"
    ..notVisible = "hallo";

  String jsonString = toJson(object);
  print(jsonString);
  // will print: '{"id":1,"firstName":"Jhon","lastName":"Doe","height":1.8,"dateOfBirth":"1988-04-01T06:31:00.000","renamed":"Juan","doGetter":"name"}'
}

Converting objects to Maps

To convert objects to Maps you only need to use the toMap function, annotate the object with @serializable and pass the object to toMap function as parameter:

example/bin/object_to_map.dart

Serializing Cyclical Objects

To serialize objects that contains Cyclical References it would be needed to use the annotation @cyclical. If this annotation is present and the depth variable is not set then the non-primitive objects are not going to be parsed and only the id (or hashmap if the object does not contains id) is going to be present. Let’s see next example:

library example.serialize_cyclical; // this line is needed for the generator

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

part 'serialize_cyclical.g.dart';  // this line is needed for the generator

@serializable
@cyclical
class Employee extends _$EmployeeSerializable {
  @uId int key;
  String firstName;
  String lastName;

  Address address;

  Employee manager;
}

@serializable
@cyclical
class Address extends _$AddressSerializable {
  @uId int key;
  String street;
  String city;
  String country;
  String postalCode;

  Employee owner;
}


void main() {
  _initMirrors();

  var manager = new Employee()
    ..key = 1
    ..firstName = 'Jhon'
    ..lastName = 'Doe';
  manager.address = new Address()
    ..key = 1
    ..street = 'some street'
    ..city = 'Miami'
    ..country = 'USA'
    ..owner = manager;

  var employee = new Employee()
    ..key = 2
    ..firstName = 'Luis'
    ..lastName = 'Vargas'
    ..manager = manager;
  employee.address = new Address()
    ..key = 2
    ..street = 'some street'
    ..city = 'Miami'
    ..country = 'USA'
    ..owner = employee;

  print(toJson(employee)); //will print: '{"id":2,"firstName":"Luis","lastName":"Vargas","address":{"id":2},"manager":{"id":1}}'

  print(toJson(employee.address)); // will print: '{"id":2,"street":"some street","city":"Miami","country":"USA","owner":{"id":2}}'

  // depth is a optional parameter that could be a list that should contains strings or Maps<String, Map>
  print(toJson(employee, depth: ['address']));
  /* will print:
           '{"id":2,"firstName":"Luis","lastName":"Vargas",'
              '"address":{"id":2,"street":"some street","city":"Miami","country":"USA","owner":{"id":2}},'
              '"manager":{"id":1}}'
  */

  print(toJson(employee, depth: [{'manager': ['address']}, 'address']));
  /* will print:
         '{"id":2,"firstName":"Luis","lastName":"Vargas",'
            '"address":{"id":2,"street":"some street","city":"Miami","country":"USA",'
              '"owner":{"id":2}},'
            '"manager":{"id":1,"firstName":"Jhon","lastName":"Doe",'
              '"address":{"id":1,"street":"some street","city":"Miami","country":"USA","owner":{"id":1}}}}');
  */
}

as you can see employee has an address, and the address has an owner of type Employee. If the property id is not present in the object then it is going to take the hashcode value from the object as reference. And finally, the depth parameter passed to serialize function tells serializer how deep you want to go throw the reference. This help us not only to avoid cyclical reference, but to determine what referenced objects should be serialized.

The same applies for lists:

library example.serialize_cyclical_list; // this line is needed for the generator

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

part 'serialize_cyclical_list.g.dart'; // this line is needed for the generator

@serializable
@cyclical
class Student extends _$StudentSerializable {
  int id;
  String name;

  List<Course> courses;
}

@serializable
@cyclical
class Course extends _$CourseSerializable {
  int id;

  DateTime beginDate;

  List<Student> students;
}

void main() {
// by the moment is needed to initialize the mirrors manually
  _initMirrors();

  var student1 = new Student()
    ..id = 1
    ..name = 'student1',
      student2 = new Student()
        ..id = 2
        ..name = 'student2',
      student3 = new Student()
        ..id = 3
        ..name = 'student3',
      course1 = new Course()
        ..id = 1
        ..beginDate = new DateTime.utc(2015, 1, 1)
        ..students = [student1, student2],
      course2 = new Course()
        ..id = 2
        ..beginDate = new DateTime.utc(2015, 1, 2)
        ..students = [student2, student3],
      course3 = new Course()
        ..id = 3
        ..beginDate = new DateTime.utc(2015, 1, 3)
        ..students = [student1, student3];

  student1.courses = [course1, course3];
  student2.courses = [course1, course2];
  student3.courses = [course2, course3];

  var students = [student1, student2, student3];
  print(toJson(students));

  print(toJson(student1)); // will print: '{"id":1,"name":"student1","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]}'

  print(toJson(student1, depth: ['courses']));
/* will print:
      '{'
        '"id":1,'
        '"name":"student1",'
        '"courses":['
          '{"id":1,"beginDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","students":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
          '{"id":3,"beginDate":"2015-01-03T00:00:00.000Z","students":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]}'
        ']'
      '}');
   */

  print(toJson(student1.courses));
/* will print:
      '['
        '{"id":1,"beginDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","students":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
        '{"id":3,"beginDate":"2015-01-03T00:00:00.000Z","students":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]}'
      ']');
  */

  print(toJson(student2.courses, depth: ['students']));
/* will print:
      '['
        '{"id":1,"beginDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","students":['
          '{"id":1,"name":"student1","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]},'
          '{"id":2,"name":"student2","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]}'
        ']},'
        '{"id":2,"beginDate":"2015-01-02T00:00:00.000Z","students":['
          '{"id":2,"name":"student2","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
          '{"id":3,"name":"student3","courses":[{"id":2},{"id":3}]}'
        ']}'
      ']'
   */
}

Without the annotation @cyclical the program is going to throw a stack overflow error caused by the serializing of cyclical objects.

Excluding attributes from being serialized

To exclude parameter from being serialized we have two options the first option is using @ignore over the attribute to ignore. However this approach is too global. What I want to say with this is that the attribute is going to be ignored always.

Another way to exclude attributes is adding the parameter exclude to serialize function. In this way we only exclude those attributes during that serialization.

library example.exclude_attributes; // this line is needed for the generator

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

// replace `main` for the name of your file
part 'exclude_attributes.g.dart';  // this line is needed for the generator

@serializable
@cyclical
class Student extends _$StudentSerializable {
  int id;
  String name;

  List<Course> courses;
}

@serializable
@cyclical
class Course extends _$CourseSerializable {
  int id;

  DateTime beginDate;

  List<Student> students;
}

void main() {
  _initMirrors();

  var student1 = new Student()
    ..id = 1
    ..name = 'student1',
      student2 = new Student()
        ..id = 2
        ..name = 'student2',
      student3 = new Student()
        ..id = 3
        ..name = 'student3',
      course1 = new Course()
        ..id = 1
        ..beginDate = new DateTime.utc(2015, 1, 1)
        ..students = [student1, student2],
      course2 = new Course()
        ..id = 2
        ..beginDate = new DateTime.utc(2015, 1, 2)
        ..students = [student2, student3],
      course3 = new Course()
        ..id = 3
        ..beginDate = new DateTime.utc(2015, 1, 3)
        ..students = [student1, student3];

  student1.courses = [course1, course3];
  student2.courses = [course1, course2];
  student3.courses = [course2, course3];

  var students = [student1, student2, student3];

  print(toJson(students));
  /*
   will print:
    '['
      '{"id":1,"name":"student1","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]},'
      '{"id":2,"name":"student2","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
      '{"id":3,"name":"student3","courses":[{"id":2},{"id":3}]}'
    ']'
  */
  print(toJson(student1)); // will print: '{"id":1,"name":"student1","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]}'

  print(toJson(student1, depth: 'courses', exclude: 'name'));
  /* will print:
      '{'
        '"id":1,'
        '"courses":['
          '{"id":1,"beginDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","students":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
          '{"id":3,"beginDate":"2015-01-03T00:00:00.000Z","students":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]}'
        ']'
      '}');
   */

  print(toJson(student1.courses, exclude: 'beginDate'));
  /* will print:
      '['
        '{"id":1,"students":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
        '{"id":3,"students":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]}'
      ']');
  */

  print(toJson(student2.courses, depth: 'students', exclude: {'students': 'name'}));
  /* will print:
      '['
        '{"id":1,"beginDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","students":['
          '{"id":1,"courses":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]},'
          '{"id":2,"courses":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]}'
        ']},'
        '{"id":2,"beginDate":"2015-01-02T00:00:00.000Z","students":['
          '{"id":2,"courses":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
          '{"id":3,"courses":[{"id":2},{"id":3}]}'
        ']}'
      ']'
   */

  print(toJson(student2.courses, depth: 'students', exclude: ['beginDate', {'students': 'name'}]));
  /* will print:
      '['
        '{"id":1,"students":['
          '{"id":1,"courses":[{"id":1},{"id":3}]},'
          '{"id":2,"courses":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]}'
        ']},'
        '{"id":2,"students":['
          '{"id":2,"name":"student2","courses":[{"id":1},{"id":2}]},'
          '{"id":3,"name":"student3","courses":[{"id":2},{"id":3}]}'
        ']}'
      ']'
   */
}

Convert JSON strings to objects

To convert JSON strings to objects you only need to use the fromJson and fromJsonList functions and pass the json string to deserialize and the Type of the object as parameters:

// replace `example` for the name you want to give to your library
library example.json_to_object; // this line is needed for the generator

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

// replace `main` for the name of your file
part 'json_to_object.g.dart';  // this line is needed for the generator

@serializable
class EntityClass extends _$EntityClassSerializable {
  String name;
  String _setted;

  @SerializedName("renamed")
  bool otherName;

  @ignore
  String notVisible;

  List<EntityClass> children;

  set setted(String s) => _setted = s;
  String get setted => _setted;
}

void main() {
  // by the moment is needed to initialize the mirrors manually
  _initMirrors();

  EntityClass object = fromJson('{"name":"test","renamed":true,"notVisible":"it is", "setted": "awesome"}', EntityClass);

  print(object.name); // > test
  print(object.otherName); // > blub
  print(object.notVisible); // > it is
  print(object.setted); // > awesome

  // to deserialize a list of items use [fromJsonList]
  List<EntityClass> list = fromJson('[{"name":"test", "children": [{"name":"child1"},{"name":"child2"}]},{"name":"test2"}]', [List, EntityClass]);
  print(list.length); // > 2
  print(list[0].name); // > test
  print(list[0].children[0].name); // > child1
}

Converting Maps and Lists<Map> to dart objects

Frameworks like Angular.dart come with several HTTP services which already transform the HTTP response to a map using JSON.encode. To use those encoded Maps or Lists use fromMap function.

library example.map_to_object; // this line is needed for the generator

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

// replace `main` for the name of your file
part 'map_to_object.g.dart'; // this line is needed for the generator

@serializable
class EntityClass extends _$EntityClassSerializable {
  String name;
  String _setted;

  @SerializedName("renamed")
  bool otherName;

  @ignore
  String notVisible;

  List<EntityClass> children;

  set setted(String s) => _setted = s;

  String get setted => _setted;
}

void main() {
  _initMirrors();

  EntityClass object = fromMap({
    "name": "test",
    "renamed": true,
    "notVisible": "it is",
    "setted": "awesome"
  }, EntityClass);
  print(object.name); // > test
  print(object.otherName); // > blub
  print(object.notVisible); // > it is
  print(object.setted); // > awesome

// to deserialize a list of items use [fromJsonList]
  List<EntityClass> list = fromMap([
    {"name": "test",
      "children": [
        {"name": "child1"},
        {"name": "child2"}
      ]
    },
    {"name": "test2"}
  ], [List, EntityClass]);
  print(list.length); // > 2
  print(list[0].name); // > test
  print(list[0].children[0].name); // > child1
}

Extend Serializable Objects

To extends objects that are going to be serializable you will need to add the comment:

// ignore: mixin_inherits_from_not_object

This is to advice the analyzer to ignore the error caused by inheriting from an object that is not a mixin. For example:

library extend_serializables;

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

part 'extend_serializables.g.dart';

@serializable
class Person extends _$PersonSerializable {
  int id;
  String firstName;
  String lastName;
  DateTime dateOfBirth;
}

@serializable
// ignore: mixin_inherits_from_not_object
class Employee extends Person with _$EmployeeSerializable {
  double salary;
}

@serializable
// ignore: mixin_inherits_from_not_object
class Manager extends Employee with _$ManagerSerializable {
  List<Employee> subordinates;
}

main() {
  _initMirrors();

  var person = new Person()
    ..id = 1
    ..firstName = 'Jhon'
    ..lastName = 'Doe'
    ..dateOfBirth = new DateTime.now();

  var personJson = toJson(person);

  print('personJson: $personJson');

  var employee = new Employee()
    ..id = 1
    ..firstName = 'Employee'
    ..lastName = 'Doe'
    ..dateOfBirth = new DateTime.now()
    ..salary = 1000.0;

  var employeeJson = toJson(employee);

  print('employeeJson: $employeeJson');

  var manager = new Manager()
    ..id = 1
    ..firstName = 'Manager'
    ..lastName = 'Doe'
    ..dateOfBirth = new DateTime.now()
    ..salary = 2000.0
    ..subordinates = [employee];

  var managerJson = toJson(manager);

  print('managerJson: $managerJson');
}

Serialize/Deserialize Immutable Objects

To make an immutable class to be able to serialize/deserialize you only need to declare it with a constructor which only contains final parameters. For example:

library example.serialize_final_objects;

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

part 'immutable_objects.g.dart';

@serializable
class Person extends _$PersonSerializable {
  final int id;
  final String name;

  Person({this.id, this.name});
}

main() {
  _initMirrors();

  var p1 = new Person(id: 1, name: 'Jhon Doe');

  var p1Json = toJson(p1);

  print('p1Json: $p1Json');

  var p1FromJson = fromJson(p1Json, Person);

  print('p1FromJson: (id: ${p1FromJson.id}, name: ${p1FromJson.name})');
}

Be sure the names of the fields and constructor parameters match. If they do not match, then the deserialized object will contain attributes with null value

Serialize/Deserialize Generic Objects

Serializing generic objects is pretty simple, you only need to call the toJson function as fallow:

  var jsonStr = toJson(page);

Deserialization however is more complicated. You need to specify a list of factories and types starting with the top class. In the same list of factory you will also need to specify a map of factories for each generic attribute, for example:

  Page<Person> page2 = fromJson(jsonStr, [() => Page<Person>(), {'items': [() => List<Person>(), Person]}]);

the full code of the example should look as fallow:

library example.generics;

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

part 'generics.g.dart';

@serializable
class Page<T> extends _$PageSerializable<T> {
  int size;

  int total;

  int number;

  List<T> items;
}

@serializable
class Person extends _$PersonSerializable {
  int id;

  String name;
}

main() {
  _initMirrors();

  var p = new Person()
    ..id = 1
    ..name = 'person 1';

  var page = new Page<Person>()
    ..size = 1
    ..number = 1
    ..total = 100
    ..items = [p];

  var jsonStr = toJson(page);
  print('jsonStr: $jsonStr');

  Page<Person> page2 = fromJson(jsonStr, [() => Page<Person>(), {'items': [() => List<Person>(), Person]}]);

  print('page2.size: ${page2.size}');
  print('page2.number: ${page2.number}');
  print('page2.total: ${page2.total}');
  print('page2.items[0].id: ${page2.items[0].id}');
  print('page2.items[0].name: ${page2.items[0].name}');
}

At this point you could be thinking how the held you know what should it be te correct factory list to convert from json. And maybe why we didn’t use something simpler like just passing the type like next:

Page<Person> page2 = fromJson(jsonStr, Page<Person>);

Sadly it is not possible in dart to pass generic typed types as parameters, but in previous versions of the library this was possible just passing an array of types as fallow:

Page<Person> page2 = fromJson(jsonStr, [Page, Person]);

As you can see you only needed to convert < and > into brackets [ and ] respectively and also add two more brackets at the start and end of the type.

However, that was only possible in previous versions of Dart SDK. The latest version does not allows to set values of dynamic types into the attributes of classes. So that, we need to specify the conversion process using factory functions and types as fallow:

• First take the generic Page<Person> that will be converted from json.

• Replace the < and > by brackets, so it should look as follow Page[Person].

• Add brackets at the start and end: [Page[Person]]

• Add commas before every internal start bracket: [Page, [Person]]

• Since Person is not a generic we remove the enclosing brackets: [Page, Person]

• Replace Page by a factory function like next:

[() => Page<Person>(), Person]

• If the generic would be a List or Map the previous would be enough. However the generic is Page which means we need to know which is the attribute that handle the generic type, in this case is items. Knowing that we replace Person by a map with the names of the attributes as keys and a factory of the types as values. As a result we will have something like next:

{'items': List<Person>}

• Remember that passing generic types as parameter is disallowed, so we need to convert it to an array of factories and types. Hence you should have something like next:

{'items': [List, [Person]]}

• Remember that we need to remove the brackets of non-generics as fallow:

{'items': [List, Person]}

• here you can also notice that List is a generic, so it should be converted into factory function:

() => List<Person>

• then we replace this factory in the items value of the previous created map:

{'items': [() => List<Person>(), Person]

• And finally we replace this map in the previous list as fallow:

[() => Page<Person>(), {'items': [() => List<Person>(), Person]}]

Serialize/Deserialize Extended Generic Objects

Extended Generics can also be handled by this library for example you can use next code:

library extend_generics;

import 'package:dson/dson.dart';

part 'extend_generics.g.dart';

abstract class IManager<T> {
  List<Employee<T>> subordinates;
}

@serializable
class Person<T> extends _$PersonSerializable<T> {
  int id;
  String firstName;
  T lastName;
  DateTime dateOfBirth;
}

@serializable
// ignore: mixin_inherits_from_not_object
class Employee<T> extends Person<T> with _$EmployeeSerializable<T> {
  double salary;
}

@serializable
// ignore: mixin_inherits_from_not_object
class Manager<T> extends Employee<T> with _$ManagerSerializable<T> implements IManager<T> {
  List<Employee<T>> subordinates;
}

main() {
  _initMirrors();

  var person = new Person<String>()
    ..id = 1
    ..firstName = 'Jhon'
    ..lastName = 'Doe'
    ..dateOfBirth = new DateTime.now();

  var personJson = toJson(person);

  print('personJson: $personJson');

  Person<String> person2 = fromJson(personJson, [() => Person<String>(), {'lastName': String}]);
  print('\nPerson From Json:');
  print('person2.firstName: ${person2.firstName}');
  print('person2.lastName: ${person2.lastName}\n');

  var employee = new Employee<String>()
    ..id = 1
    ..firstName = 'Employee'
    ..lastName = 'Doe'
    ..dateOfBirth = new DateTime.now()
    ..salary = 1000.0;
  print(employee.runtimeType);
  var employeeJson = toJson(employee);

  print('employeeJson: $employeeJson');

  Employee<String> employee2 = fromJson(employeeJson, [() => Employee<String>(), {'lastName': String}]);
  print('\nEmployee From Json:');
  print('employee2.firstName: ${employee2.firstName}');
  print('employee2.lastName: ${employee2.lastName}');
  print('employee2.salary: ${employee2.salary}\n');

  var manager = new Manager<String>()
    ..id = 1
    ..firstName = 'Manager'
    ..lastName = 'Doe'
    ..dateOfBirth = new DateTime.now()
    ..salary = 2000.0
    ..subordinates = [employee];

  var managerJson = toJson(manager);

  print('managerJson: $managerJson');

  Manager<String> manager2 = fromJson(managerJson, [() => Manager<String>(), {'lastName': String}]);
  print('\nManager From Json:');
  print('manager2.firstName: ${manager2.firstName}');
  print('manager2.lastName: ${manager2.lastName}');
  print('manager2.salary: ${manager2.salary}');
  print('manager2.subordinates: ${manager2.subordinates}');

}

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