input-output-hk/cardano-node

The core component that is used to participate in a Cardano decentralised blockchain.

GitHub Actions

Contents

• Overview of the cardano-node repository
  • Network Configuration, Genesis and Topology Files
• Obtaining cardano-node
  • Building from source
  • Executables
    • Running the node on Windows
  • Docker image
• Using cardano-node
  • Command line summary: cardano-node
  • Configuration
  • Scripts
• Using cardano-cli
  • Command line options: cardano-cli
  • Genesis generation
  • Key operations
    • Signing key generation & verification key extraction
    • Delegate key migration
    • Signing key queries
  • Transactions
    • Creation
    • Submission
    • Issuing UTxO expenditure (genesis and regular)
  • Local node queries
  • Update proposals
    • Update proposal creation
    • Update proposal submission
  • Update proposal voting
  • Development
    • GHCID
• Native Tokens
• API Documentation
• Using the cardano-node Haskell packages
• Style guide
• Troubleshooting cardano-node issues

Overview of the cardano-node repository

Integration of the ledger, consensus, networking and node shell repositories.

Logging is provided as a feature by the node shell to the other packages.

• The cardano-node is the top level for the node and aggregates the other components from other packages: consensus, ledger and networking, with configuration, CLI, logging and monitoring.
• The node no longer incorporates wallet or explorer functionality. The wallet backend and explorer backend are separate components that run in separate external processes that communicate with the node via local IPC.

Network Configuration, Genesis and Topology Files

The latest supported networks can be found at https://book.world.dev.cardano.org/environments.html

Obtaining cardano-node

Building from source

Documentation for building the node can be found here.

Executables

You can download the hydra binaries of cardano-node and cardano-cli from the release notes

Running the node on Windows

The download includes cardano-node.exe and a .dll. To run the node with cardano-node run you need to reference a few files and directories as arguments. These can be copied from the cardano-node repo into the executables directory. The command to run the node on mainnet looks like this:

cardano-node.exe run --topology ./configuration/cardano/mainnet-topology.json --database-path ./state --port 3001 --config ./configuration/cardano/mainnet-config.yaml  --socket-path \\.\pipe\cardano-node

Docker image

You can pull the docker image with the latest version of cardano-node from here.

docker pull inputoutput/cardano-node

Using cardano-node

Command line summary: cardano-node

This refers to the client that is used for running a node.

The general synopsis is as follows:

Usage: cardano-node run [--topology FILEPATH] [--database-path FILEPATH]
                        [--socket-path FILEPATH]
                        [--byron-delegation-certificate FILEPATH]
                        [--byron-signing-key FILEPATH]
                        [--shelley-kes-key FILEPATH]
                        [--shelley-vrf-key FILEPATH]
                        [--shelley-operational-certificate FILEPATH]
                        [--start-as-non-producing-node]
                        [--host-addr IPV4-ADDRESS]
                        [--host-ipv6-addr IPV6-ADDRESS]
                        [--port PORT]
                        [--config NODE-CONFIGURATION] [--validate-db]
  Run the node.

• --topology - Filepath to a topology file describing which peers the node should connect to.
• --database-path - Path to the blockchain database.
• --byron-delegation-certificate - Optional path to the Byron delegation certificate. The delegation certificate allows the delegator (the issuer of said certificate) to give his/her own block signing rights to somebody else (the delegatee). The delegatee can then sign blocks on behalf of the delegator.
• --byron-signing-key - Optional path to the Byron signing key.
• --shelley-signing-key - Optional path to the Shelley signing key.
• --shelley-kes-key - Optional path to the Shelley KES signing key.
• --shelley-vrf-key - Optional path to the Shelley VRF signing key.
• --shelley-operational-certificate - Optional path to the Shelley operational certificate.
• --start-as-non-producing-node - Optional flag to disable block production on node start. If credentials flags are passed the node will start block producing, however with this flag the node will only start block producing on SIGHUP (see here for more details)
• --socket-path - Path to the socket file.
• --host-addr - Optionally specify your node's IPv4 address.
• --host-ipv6-addr - Optionally specify your node's IPv6 address.
• --port - Specify which port to assign to the node.
• --config - Specify the filepath to the config .yaml file. This file is responsible for all the other node's required settings. See examples in configuration (e.g. config-0.yaml).
• --validate-db - Flag to revalidate all on-disk database files

Configuration

The --config flag points to a .yaml (or a structurally equivalent .json) file that is responsible to configuring the logging & other important settings for the node. E.g. see the Byron mainnet configuration in this configuration.yaml.

Some of the more important settings are as follows:

• Protocol: RealPBFT -- Protocol the node will execute
• RequiresNetworkMagic: RequiresNoMagic -- Used to distinguish between mainnet (RequiresNoMagic) and testnets (RequiresMagic)

Scripts

Please see scripts/README.md for information on the various scripts.

Using cardano-cli

A CLI utility to support a variety of key material operations (genesis, migration, pretty-printing..) for different system generations. Usage documentation can be found at https://github.com/input-output-hk/cardano-cli/tree/master/cardano-cli/README.md.

The general synopsis is as follows:

Usage: cardano-cli (Era based commands | Byron specific commands | Miscellaneous commands)

> NOTE: the exact invocation command depends on the environment. If you have only built cardano-cli, without installing it, then you have to prepend cabal run -- `` before ``cardano-cli. We henceforth assume that the necessary environment-specific adjustment has been made, so we only mention cardano-cli.

Command line options: cardano-cli

The subcommands are subdivided in groups, and their full list can be seen in the output of cardano-cli --help.

All subcommands have help available. For example:

cabal run -- cardano-cli -- byron key migrate-delegate-key-from --help

cardano-cli -- byron key migrate-delegate-key-from
Usage: cardano-cli byron key migrate-delegate-key-from --from FILEPATH
                                                       --to FILEPATH
  Migrate a delegate key from an older version.


Available options:
  --byron-legacy-formats   Byron/cardano-sl formats and compatibility
  --byron-formats          Byron era formats and compatibility
  --from FILEPATH          Signing key file to migrate.
  --to FILEPATH            Non-existent file to write the signing key to.
  -h,--help                Show this help text

Genesis generation

The Byron genesis generation operations will create a directory that contains:

• genesis.json: The genesis JSON file itself.
• avvm-seed.*.seed: Ada Voucher Vending Machine seeds (secret). Affected by --avvm-entry-count and --avvm-entry-balance.
• delegate-keys.*.key: Delegate private keys. Affected by: --n-delegate-addresses.
• delegation-cert.*.json: Delegation certificates. Affected by: --n-delegate-addresses.
• genesis-keys.*.key: Genesis stake private keys. Affected by: --n-delegate-addresses, --total-balance.
• poor-keys.*.key: Non-delegate private keys with genesis UTxO. Affected by: --n-poor-addresses, --total-balance.

More details on the Byron Genesis JSON file can be found in https://github.com/input-output-hk/cardano-node-wiki/wiki/byron-genesis

Byron genesis delegation and related concepts are described in detail in:

https://hydra.iohk.io/job/Cardano/cardano-ledger-specs/byronLedgerSpec/latest/download-by-type/doc-pdf/ledger-spec

The canned scripts/benchmarking/genesis.sh example provides a nice set of defaults and illustrates available options.

Key operations

Note that key operations do not support password-protected keys.

Signing key generation & verification key extraction

Signing keys can be generated using the keygen subcommand.

Extracting a verification key out of the signing key is performed by the to-verification subcommand.

Delegate key migration

In order to continue using a delegate key from the Byron Legacy era in the new implementation, it needs to be migrated over, which is done by the migrate-delegate-key-from subcommand:

$ cabal v2-run -- cardano-cli byron key migrate-delegate-key-from
        --from key0.sk --to key0Converted.sk

Signing key queries

One can gather information about a signing key's properties through the signing-key-public and signing-key-address subcommands (the latter requires the network magic):

$ cabal v2-run -- cardano-cli byron key signing-key-public --byron-formats --secret key0.sk

public key hash: a2b1af0df8ca764876a45608fae36cf04400ed9f413de2e37d92ce04
public key: sc4pa1pAriXO7IzMpByKo4cG90HCFD465Iad284uDYz06dHCqBwMHRukReQ90+TA/vQpj4L1YNaLHI7DS0Z2Vg==

$ cabal v2-run -- cardano-cli signing-key-address --byron-formats --secret key0.pbft --testnet-magic 42

2cWKMJemoBakxhXgZSsMteLP9TUvz7owHyEYbUDwKRLsw2UGDrG93gPqmpv1D9ohWNddx
VerKey address with root e5a3807d99a1807c3f161a1558bcbc45de8392e049682df01809c488, attributes: AddrAttributes { derivation path: {} }

Transactions

Creation

Transactions can be created via the issue-genesis-utxo-expenditure & issue-utxo-expenditure commands.

The easiest way to create a transaction is via the scripts/benchmarking/issue-genesis-utxo-expenditure.sh script as follows:

./scripts/benchmarking/issue-genesis-utxo-expenditure.sh transaction_file

NB: This by default creates a transaction based on configuration/defaults/liveview/config-0.yaml

If you do not have a genesis_file you can run scripts/benchmarking/genesis.sh which will create an example genesis_file for you. The script scripts/benchmarking/issue-genesis-utxo-expenditure.sh has defaults for all the requirements of the issue-genesis-utxo-expenditure command.

Submission

The submit-tx subcommand provides the option of submitting a pre-signed transaction, in its raw wire format (see GenTx for Byron transactions).

The canned scripts/benchmarking/submit-tx.sh script will submit the supplied transaction to a testnet launched by scripts/benchmarking/shelley-testnet-liveview.sh script.

Issuing UTxO expenditure (genesis and regular)

To make a transaction spending UTxO, you can either use the:

• issue-genesis-utxo-expenditure, for genesis UTxO
• issue-utxo-expenditure, for normal UTxO

subcommands directly, or, again use canned scripts that will make transactions tailored for the aforementioned testnet cluster:

• scripts/benchmarking/issue-genesis-utxo-expenditure.sh.
• scripts/benchmarking/issue-utxo-expenditure.sh.

The script requires the target file name to write the transaction to, input TxId (for normal UTxO), and optionally allows specifying the source txin output index, source and target signing keys and lovelace value to send.

The target address defaults to the 1-st richman key (configuration/delegate-keys.001.key) of the testnet, and lovelace amount is almost the entirety of its funds.

Local node queries

You can query the tip of your local node via the get-tip command as follows

1. Open tmux
2. Run cabal build cardano-node
3. Run ./scripts/lite/shelley-testnet.sh example

4. Run export CARDANO_NODE_SOCKET_PATH=/cardano-node/example/socket/node-1-socket 4. ``cabal exec cardano-cli -- get-tip --testnet-magic 42

You will see output from stdout in this format:

Current tip:
Block hash: 4ab21a10e1b25e39
Slot: 6
Block number: 5

Update proposals

Update proposal creation

A Byron update proposal can be created as follows:

cardano-cli -- byron governance
               create-update-proposal
                 (--mainnet | --testnet-magic NATURAL)
                 --signing-key FILEPATH
                 --protocol-version-major WORD16
                 --protocol-version-minor WORD16
                 --protocol-version-alt WORD8
                 --application-name STRING
                 --software-version-num WORD32
                 --system-tag STRING
                 --installer-hash HASH
                 --filepath FILEPATH
               ..

The mandatory arguments are --mainnet | --testnet-magic, signing-key, protocol-version-major, protocol-version-minor, protocol-version-alt, application-name, software-version-num, system-tag, installer-hash and filepath.

The remaining arguments are optional parameters you want to update in your update proposal.

You can also check your proposal's validity using the validate-cbor command. See: `Validate CBOR files`_.

See the Byron specification for more details on update proposals.

Update proposal submission

You can submit your proposal using the submit-update-proposal command.

Example:

cardano-cli -- byron governance
            submit-update-proposal
            --config configuration/defaults/mainnet/configuration.yaml
            (--mainnet | --testnet-magic NATURAL)
            --filepath my-update-proposal

See the Byron specification for more details on update proposals.

Update proposal voting

You can create and submit byron update proposal votes with the create-proposal-vote & submit-proposal-vote commands. The following are two example commands:

Byron vote creation:

cabal exec cardano-cli -- byron governance create-proposal-vote
                       (--mainnet | --testnet-magic NATURAL)
                       --signing-key configuration/defaults/liveview/genesis/delegate-keys.000.key
                       --proposal-filepath ProtocolUpdateProposalFile
                       --vote-yes
                       --output-filepath UpdateProposalVoteFile

Byron vote submission:

cabal exec cardano-cli -- byron governance submit-proposal-vote
                       (--mainnet | --testnet-magic NATURAL)
                       --filepath UpdateProposalVoteFile

Development

GHCID

run ghcid with: ghcid -c "cabal repl exe:cardano-node --reorder-goals"

Note: When developing locally, for any package you are working on, in cabal.project set, ghc-options to -Wwarn and set the development flag, e.g.:

package cardano-node
  ghc-options: -Wwarn
  flags: +development

Otherwise GHC might complain about unused packages.

Native Tokens

Native tokens is a new feature that enables the transacting of multi-assets on Cardano. Native tokens are now supported on mainnet and users can transact with ada, and an unlimited number of user-defined (custom) tokens natively. Note that users who do not need to create new assets (“token holders”) will be able to send and receive existing multi-asset tokens using a wallet such as Daedalus or Yoroi, and with no requirement to use any CLI commands.

To help you get started, see:

• Cardano Forum discussion
• Ledger explanations: native tokens. Covers explainers about assets, tokens, token bundles, minting policies, comparison to ERC20, and minimum ada value requirements.
• A tutorial on how to get started with native tokens. Explains how to create new currencies and assets, submit and send transactions containing multi-asset tokens, send and receive token bundles, manage your addresses and values.
• Native tokens exercises

To start, please ensure that you are familiar with setting up and operating the Cardano node. Alternatively, see instructions on how to start your node to submit the commands. You will not need to set up and start a full block producing node ('stake pool'), just a much simpler relay node. This node will need to connect to a Cardano network that is capable of processing native tokens (e.g., the native token pre-production environment (PPE), or the Cardano mainnet).

API Documentation

The API documentation is published here.

The documentation is built with each push, but is only published from master branch. In order to test if the documentation is working, build the documentation locally with cabal haddock-project --local --output=./haddocks and open haddocks/index.html in the browser.

Using the cardano-node Haskell packages

If you want to use the cardano-node Haskell packages from another project, you should use CHaP to get the packages defined in this repository. Please note that you may need to use any source-repository-package stanzas defined in cabal.project, although we will endeavour to keep these to an absolute minimum.

Style guide

The style guide for can be found on the cardano-node repository's wiki.

Troubleshooting cardano-node issues

For some troubleshooting help with building or running cardano-node, the wiki has a troubleshooting page that documents some common gotchas.