Use GCC function call tracing callbacks and BFD to trace program execution, function by function.
Partially based on EmbeddedFreedom's article on tracing and profiling function calls with GCC and addr2line.c.
You can get more information on JehTech.
To use, add the following lines to the CFLAGS for the program that you wish to trace:
CFLAGS +=-O0 -g -finstrument-functions
You will also need to either copy and paste trace_funcs.c into a file in the program you wish to
trace or include it in the compilation.
Then run the program. It will generate the file trace.out.
You can then translate this binary output file into human readable format by compiling and running parse_trace_output.
make # outputs parse_trace_output and installs required dependencies
./parse_trace_output path/to/program/being/traced path/to/trace.out