This is an R package to optimize the layout of windfarms. The package is also hosted on CRAN and can be found at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=windfarmGA
The latest version of the package can be downloaded from GitHub with:
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("YsoSirius/windfarmGA")and version 1.2 via CRAN with:
install.packages("windfarmGA")The genetic algorithm is designed to optimize small wind farms. The algorithm works with a fixed amount of turbines, a fixed rotor radius and a mean wind speed value for every incoming wind direction. If required it can include a terrain effect model, which downloads an 'SRTM' elevation model automatically and loads a Corine Land Cover raster, which has to be downloaded previously. Further information can be found at the description of the function 'windfarmGA'. To start an optimization run, either the function 'windfarmGA' or 'genAlgo' can be used. The function 'windfarmGA' checks the user inputs interactively and then runs the function 'genAlgo'. If the input parameters are already known, an optimization can be run directly via the function 'genAlgo'. Their output is identical. Since version 1.1, a polygon with hexagonal grid cells can be resolved, with their center points being possible locations for wind power plants. Furthermore, rasters can be included, which contain information on the Weibull parameters. For Austria this data is already included in the package.
- Input Polygon by source
dsn <- "Path to the Shapefile"
layer <- "Name of the Shapefile"
Polygon1 <- rgdal::readOGR(dsn = dsn, layer = layer)
plot(Polygon1, col = "blue")- Or create a random Polygon
library(rgdal); library(sp); library(windfarmGA);
Polygon1 <- Polygon(rbind(c(4651704, 2692925), c(4651704, 2694746),
c(4654475, 2694746), c(4654475, 2692925)))
Polygon1 <- sp::Polygons(list(Polygon1), 1)
Polygon1 <- sp::SpatialPolygons(list(Polygon1))
Projection <- "+proj=laea +lat_0=52 +lon_0=10 +x_0=4321000 +y_0=3210000
+ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"
proj4string(Polygon1) <- CRS(Projection)
plot(Polygon1, col = "blue", axes = TRUE)- Exemplary input Wind data with uniform wind speed and single wind direction
data.in <- structure(list(ws = c(12, 12), wd = c(0,0), probab = c(25, 25)),
.Names = c("ws", "wd", "probab"), row.names = c(NA, 2L), class = "data.frame")
windrosePlot <- plotWindrose(data = data.in, spd = data.in$ws,
dir = data.in$wd, dirres=10, spdmax = 20)- Exemplary input Wind data with random wind speeds and random wind directions
data.in <- as.data.frame(cbind(ws=sample(1:25,10), wd = sample(1:260,10)))
windrosePlot <- plotWindrose(data = data.in, spd = data.in$ws,
dir = data.in$wd)Verify that the grid spacing is appropriate. Adapt the following input variables if desired:
- Rotor: The desired rotor radius in meters.
- fcrR: The grid spacing factor, which should at least be 2, so that a single grid covers at least the whole rotor diameter.
- prop: The proportionality factor used for grid calculation. It determines the percentage a grid has to overlay the considered area to be represented as grid cell.
Make sure that the Polygon is projected in meters.
Rotor <- 20
fcrR <- 9
# proj4string(Polygon1)
# Polygon1 <- spTransform(Polygon1, CRSobj = CRS(Projection))
Grid <- GridFilter(shape = Polygon1, resol = (Rotor*fcrR), prop = 1, plotGrid = TRUE)
str(Grid)Rotor <- 20
fcrR <- 9
HexGrid <- HexaTex(Polygon1, size = ((Rotor*fcrR)/2), plotTrue = TRUE)
str(HexGrid)If the input variable topograp for the functions 'windfarmGA' or 'genAlgo' is TRUE, then the genetic algorithm
will take terrain effects into account. For this purpose an elevation model is downloaded automatically by the 'raster' package
and a Corine Land Cover raster must be downloaded and given manually. (Download at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/clc-2006-raster-1).
Download the .zip package with 100 meter resolution. Unzip the downloaded package and assign the source of the Raster Image
"g100_06.tif" to the package input variable sourceCCL. The algorithm will use an adapted version of the Raster legend
("clc_legend.csv"), which is stored in the package subdirectory (/extdata). To use own values for the land cover roughness
lengths, insert a column named Rauhigkeit_z to the .csv file. Assign a surface roughness length to all land cover types.
Be sure that all rows are filled with numeric values and save the .csv file with ";" delimiter. Assign the source of
the resulting .csv file to the input variable sourceCCLRoughness of this function. For further information, see
the examples of the package.
sourceCCL <- "Source of the CCL raster (TIF)"
sourceCCLRoughness <- "Source of the Adaped CCL legend (CSV)"An optimization run can be initiated with the following functions:
- genAlgo
- windfarmGA
- without terrain effects
result <- windfarmGA(Polygon1 = Polygon1, n = 12, Rotor = 20, fcrR = 9, iteration = 10,
vdirspe = data.in, crossPart1 = "EQU", selstate = "FIX", mutr = 0.8,
Proportionality = 1, SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = FALSE,
elitism =TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50, RotorHeight = 100)- with terrain effects
result <- windfarmGA(Polygon1 = Polygon1, n = 12, Rotor = 20, fcrR = 9, iteration = 10,
vdirspe = data.in, crossPart1 = "EQU", selstate = "FIX", mutr = 0.8,
Proportionality = 1, SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = TRUE,
elitism = TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50, RotorHeight = 100, sourceCCL = "C:/...Path_to.../g100_06.tif",
sourceCCLRoughness = "C:/...Path_to.../clc_legend.csv")- without terrain effects
result <- genAlgo(Polygon1 = Polygon1, n = 12, Rotor = 20, fcrR = 9, iteration = 10,
vdirspe = data.in, crossPart1 = "EQU", selstate = "FIX", mutr =0.8,
Proportionality = 1, SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = FALSE,
elitism = TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50, RotorHeight = 100)- with terrain effects
result <- genAlgo(Polygon1 = Polygon1, n= 12, Rotor = 20, fcrR = 9, iteration = 10,
vdirspe = data.in, crossPart1 = "EQU", selstate = "FIX", mutr = 0.8,
Proportionality = 1, SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = TRUE,
elitism = TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50, RotorHeight = 100, sourceCCL = "C:/...Path_to.../g100_06.tif",
sourceCCLRoughness = "C:/...Path_to.../clc_legend.csv")## Runs the same optimization, but with parallel processing and 3 cores.
result_par <- genAlgo(Polygon1 = Polygon1, GridMethod ="h", n=12, Rotor=30,
fcrR=5,iteration=10, vdirspe = data.in,crossPart1 = "EQU",
selstate="FIX",mutr=0.8, Proportionality = 1,
SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = FALSE,
elitism=TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50,RotorHeight = 100,
Parallel = TRUE, numCluster = 3)
PlotWindfarmGA(result = result_par, GridMethod = "h", Polygon1 = Polygon1)result_hex <- genAlgo(Polygon1 = Polygon1, GridMethod ="h", n=12, Rotor=30,
fcrR=5,iteration=10, vdirspe = data.in,crossPart1 = "EQU",
selstate="FIX",mutr=0.8, Proportionality = 1,
SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = FALSE,
elitism=TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50,RotorHeight = 100)
PlotWindfarmGA(result = result_hex, GridMethod = "h", Polygon1 = Polygon1)## If "weibullsrc" is not given, the algorithm will take data included in the
## package, which only covers Austria. If you want to use this option with areas
## outside of Austria, then take a look at the next example.
result_weibull <- genAlgo(Polygon1 = Polygon1, GridMethod ="h", n=12,
fcrR=5,iteration=10, vdirspe = data.in, crossPart1 = "EQU",
selstate="FIX",mutr=0.8, Proportionality = 1, Rotor=30,
SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = FALSE,
elitism=TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50,RotorHeight = 100,
weibull = TRUE)
PlotWindfarmGA(result = result_weibull, GridMethod = "h", Polygon1 = Polygon1)
## Run an optimization with your own Weibull parameter rasters. The shape and scale
## parameter rasters of the weibull distributions must be added to a list, with the first
## list item being the shape parameter (k) and the second list item being the scale
## parameter (a). Adapt the paths to your raster data and run an optimization.
kraster <- "/..pathto../k_param_raster.tif"
araster <- "/..pathto../a_param_raster.tif"
weibullrasters <- list(raster(kraster), raster(araster))
result_weibull <- genAlgo(Polygon1 = Polygon1, GridMethod ="h", n=12,
fcrR=5,iteration=10, vdirspe = data.in, crossPart1 = "EQU",
selstate="FIX",mutr=0.8, Proportionality = 1, Rotor=30,
SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = FALSE,
elitism=TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50,RotorHeight = 100,
weibull = TRUE, weibullsrc = weibullrasters)
PlotWindfarmGA(result = result_weibull, GridMethod = "h", Polygon1 = Polygon1)The argument 'GridMethod', 'weibull', 'weibullsrc' can also be given to the function 'windfarmGA'.
## Plot the best wind farm on a leaflet map (ordered by energy values)
leafPlot(result = resulthex, Polygon1 = polygon, which = 1)
## Plot the last wind farm (ordered by chronology).
leafPlot(result = resulthex, Polygon1 = polygon, orderitems = F, which = 1)Several plotting functions are available:
- PlotWindfarmGA(result, Polygon1, whichPl = "all", best = 1, plotEn = 1)
- plotResult(result, Polygon1, best = 1, plotEn = 1, topographie = FALSE, Grid = Grid[[2]])
- plotEvolution(result, ask = TRUE, spar = 0.1)
- plotparkfitness(result, spar = 0.1)
- plotfitnessevolution(result)
- plotCloud(result, pl = TRUE)
- GooglePlot(result,Polygon1)
- GoogleChromePlot(result, Polygon1, best = 1, plotEn = 1)
- heatmapGA(result = result, si = 5)
- leafPlot(result = result, Polygon1 = polygon, which = 1)For further information, please check the package description and examples. (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=windfarmGA/windfarmGA.pdf) A full documentation of the genetic algorithm is given in my master thesis, which can be found at the following link: https://homepage.boku.ac.at/jschmidt/TOOLS/Masterarbeit_Gatscha.pdf
I also made a Shiny App for the Genetic Algorithm, which can be found here: https://windfarmga.shinyapps.io/windga_shiny/ Unfortunately, as an optimization takes quite some time and the app is currently hosted by shinyapps.io under a public license, there is only 1 R-worker at hand. So only 1 optimization can be run at a time.
library(rgdal); library(sp); library(windfarmGA)
Polygon1 <- Polygon(rbind(c(4651704, 2692925), c(4651704, 2694746),
c(4654475, 2694746), c(4654475, 2692925)))
Polygon1 <- sp::Polygons(list(Polygon1), 1);
Polygon1 <- sp::SpatialPolygons(list(Polygon1))
Projection <- "+proj=laea +lat_0=52 +lon_0=10 +x_0=4321000 +y_0=3210000
+ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs"
proj4string(Polygon1) <- CRS(Projection)
plot(Polygon1, col = "blue", axes = TRUE)
data.in <- structure(list(ws = c(12,12), wd =c(0,0), probab = c(25,25)),
.Names = c("ws", "wd","probab"), row.names = c(NA, 2L), class = "data.frame")
windrosePlot <- plotWindrose(data = data.in, spd = data.in$ws,
dir = data.in$wd, dirres = 10, spdmax = 20)
Rotor <- 20;
fcrR <- 9
Grid <- GridFilter(shape = Polygon1, resol = (Rotor*fcrR), prop = 1, plotGrid = TRUE)
result <- windfarmGA(Polygon1 = Polygon1, n = 12, Rotor = Rotor, fcrR = fcrR, iteration = 10,
vdirspe = data.in, crossPart1 = "EQU", selstate = "FIX", mutr = 0.8,
Proportionality = 1, SurfaceRoughness = 0.3, topograp = FALSE,
elitism = TRUE, nelit = 7, trimForce = TRUE,
referenceHeight = 50, RotorHeight = 100)
# The following function will execute all plotting function of this package:
PlotWindfarmGA(result, Polygon1, whichPl = "all", best = 1, plotEn = 1)
# The plotting functions can also be called at once with the following functions:
plotResult(result, Polygon1, best = 1, plotEn = 1, topographie = FALSE, Grid = Grid[[2]])
plotEvolution(result, ask = TRUE, spar = 0.1)
plotparkfitness(result, spar = 0.1)
plotfitnessevolution(result)
plotCloud(result, pl = TRUE)
GooglePlot(result, Polygon1)
GoogleChromePlot(result, Polygon1, best = 1, plotEn = 1)
heatmapGA(result = result, si = 5)
leafPlot(result = result, Polygon1 = polygon, which = 1)