TributeDAO is a new modular, low cost DAO framework. The framework aims to improve DAOs by fixing the:
- Lack of modularity: which has created challenges both in terms of extending, managing, and upgrading DAOs;
- Rigid voting and governance mechanisms: which limit the ability to experiment with additional forms of governance;
- High costs: especially for onchain voting;
- Single token DAO structures: which make it difficult to divide up economic and governance rights and create teams or sub-groups; and
- Lack of NFT Support: which makes it difficult for DAOs to be deployed for NFT projects.
The TributeDAO framework aims to address these issues, as part of our quest to make DAOs the dominant form of organization. As the growing number of participants in DAOs know, there is no “one size fits all” for managing any organization. DAOs need low cost and easy to develop components that can be assembled like lego blocks to fit the needs of the organization and its membership.
The TributeDAO framework is our team's tribute to the MolochDAO ecosysten. As many know, MolochDAO brought new life to DAOs. Through an elegant smart contract design, this smart contract framework brought DAOs back to life, helping us push beyond the fiery depths of “The DAO.”
Last year, we worked to evolve the initial MolochDAO smart contracts by assisting with the creation of Moloch v2, which enabled multiple token support, “guildkicks” to remove unwanted members, and “loot” to issue non-voting shares still entitled to financial distributions. These upgraded contracts were built with “venture” and similar investment transactions in mind, allowing for more effective swaps and control over tokenized assets and membership.
The TributeDAO framework hopes to provide teams looking to deploy DAOs with several enhancements and improvements, including:
- Simpler code - each module is responsible for only one function which reduces coupling and makes the system easier to understand.
- Adaptability - each part of the DAO can be adapted to the needs of a particular DAO without the need to audit the entire code base every time.
- Upgradability - modules can be easily upgraded as necessary. For example, as the voting process evolves over time the module responsible for managing the voting process can be upgraded without changing any other modules or the Core Contract. Modules can also be used by multiple DAOs without the need to be redeployed.
Inspired by the hexagonal architecture design pattern we believe that we can have additional layers of security, and break the main contract into smaller contracts. With that, we create loosely coupled modules/contracts, easier to audit, and can be easily connected to the DAO.
The main design goal is to limit access to the smart contracts according at layer boundaries. The External World (i.e. RPC clients) can access the core contracts only via Adapters, never directly. Every adapter contains all the necessary logic and data to update/change the state of the DAO in the DAORegistry Contract. The Core Contract tracks all the state changes of the DAO, and an Adapter tracks only the state changes in its own context. Extensions enhance the DAO capabilities and simplify the Core Contract code. The information always flows from the External World to the Core Contracts, never the other way around. If a Core Contract needs external info, it must be provided by an Adapter and/or an Extension instead of calling External World directly.
There are five main components in the Tribute architecture outlined further below.
The core contracts serve as the spine for the Tribute DAO framework and act as a DAO registry, creating a digital version of "division of corporations." These contracts compose the DAO itself, and make it cheaper and easier to deploy a DAO. These contracts directly change the DAO state without the need of going through an adapter or extension (described further below). A core contract never pulls information directly from the external world. For that we use Adapters and Extensions, and the natural information flow is always from the external world to the core contracts.
There are three core contracts as part of the Tribute DAO framework, including a:
- DaoRegistry: tracks the state changes of the DAO, only adapters with proper Access Flags can alter the DAO state.
- CloneFactory: creates a clone of the DAO based on its address.
- DaoFactory: creates, initializes, and adds adapter configurations to the new DAO, and uses the CloneFactory to reduce the DAO creation transaction costs.
Once a DAO is created using the above core contracts, they can be extended and modified with adapters and extensions. Adapters and extensions make it easy to assemble a DAO like lego blocks, by adding to a DAO narrowly-defined, tested, and extensible smart contracts created for specific purposes. Adapters and extensions make DAOs more modular, upgradeable, and also enable us to work together to build robust DAO tooling. They can be added to a TributeDAO via a DAO vote.
There are currently 12 adapters implemented in the Tribute DAO framework and these adapters make the Tribute DAO framework feature compatible with Moloch v2:
- Configuration: manages storing and retrieving per-DAO settings required by shared adapters.
- Distribute: allows the members to distribute funds to one or all members of the DAO.
- Financing: allows individuals and/or organizations to request funds to finance their projects, and the members of the DAO have the power to vote and decide which projects should be funded.
- GuildKick: gives the members the freedom to choose which individuals or organizations should really be part of the DAO.
- Managing: enhances the DAO capabilities by adding/updating the DAO Adapters through a voting process.
- OffchainVoting: adds the offchain voting governance process to the DAO to support gasless voting.
- Onboarding: triggers the process of minting internal tokens in exchange of a specific token at a fixed price.
- Ragequit: gives the members the freedom to choose when it is the best time to exit the DAO for any given reason.
- Tribute: allows potential and existing DAO members to contribute any amount of ERC-20 tokens to the DAO in exchange for any amount of DAO internal tokens.
- TributeNFT: allows potential DAO members to contribute a registered ERC-721 asset to the DAO in exchange for any amount of DAO units.
- Voting: adds the simple on chain voting governance process to the DAO.
- Withdraw: allows the members to withdraw their funds from the DAO bank.
The range of potential adapters will expand over time and likely will include:
- "Streams" to manage a DAO's treasury in a more agile way
- Alternative voting structures to layer to improve DAO governance, including quadratic voting, one-member-one-vote voting
- Swaps of one token for another
- Streaming payments
- NFT-based onboarding
- DAO-to-DAO voting
- Creating a liquidity pool for a DAO's native asset
- Staking or depositing assets into existing DeFi projects (like Aave, Compound, or Lido)
Creating an adapter is straight forward and should save developers engineering time. Each adapter needs to be configured with the Access Flags in order to access the Core Contracts, and/or Extensions. Otherwise the Adapter will not able to pull/push information to/from the DAO.
Please note:
- Adapters do not keep track of the state of the DAO. An adapter might use storage to control its own state, but ideally any DAO state change must be propagated to the DAORegistry Core Contract.
- Adapters just execute smart contract logic that changes the state of the DAO by calling the DAORegistry. They also can compose complex calls that interact with External World, other Adapters or even Extensions, to pull/push additional information.
- The adapter must follow the rules defined by the Template Adapter.
- If you want to contribute and create an Adapter, please checkout this: How to create an Adapter.
Extensions are conceived to isolate the complexity of state changes from the DAORegistry contract, and to simplify the core logic. Essentially an Extension is similar to an Adapter, but the main difference is that it is used by several adapters and by the DAORegistry - which end up enhancing the DAO capabilities and the state management without cluttering the DAO core contract.
-
Bank: adds the banking capabilities to the DAO, and keeps track of the DAO accounts and internal token balances.
-
NFT: adds to the DAO the capability of managing and curating a collection of standard NFTs.
-
ERC20: adds to the DAO the capability of managing and transfer internal tokens between members and/or external accounts.
-
Executor: adds to the DAO the capability of executing delegated calls to other contracts, including contracts that are not part of the DAO, using the EVM instruction
delegatecall.
The Access Control Layer (ACL) is implemented using Access Flags to indicate which permissions an adapter must have in order to access and modify the DAO state. The are 3 main categories of Access Flags:
- MemberFlag:
EXISTS. - ProposalFlag:
EXISTS,SPONSORED,PROCESSED. - AclFlag:
REPLACE_ADAPTER,SUBMIT_PROPOSAL,UPDATE_DELEGATE_KEY,SET_CONFIGURATION,ADD_EXTENSION,REMOVE_EXTENSION,NEW_MEMBER.
The Access Flags of each adapter must be provided to the DAOFactory when the daoFactory.addAdapters function is called passing the new adapters. These flags will grant the access to the DAORegistry contract, and the same process must be done to grant the access of each Adapter to each Extension (function daoFactory.configureExtension).
The Access Flags are defined in the DAORegistry using the modifier hasAccess. For example, a function with the modifier hasAccess(this, AclFlag.REPLACE_ADAPTER) means the adapter calling this function needs to have the Access Flag REPLACE_ADAPTER enabled, otherwise the call will revert. In order to create an Adapter with the proper Access Flags one needs to first map out all the functions that the Adapter will be calling in the DAORegistry and Extensions, and provide these Access Flags using the DAO Factory as described above.
You can find more information about the purpose of each access flag at DAO Registry - Access Flags.
Added the following environment variables to your local .env file:
DAO_NAME: The name of the DAO.DAO_OWNER_ADDR: The DAO Owner ETH Address (0x...) in the target network.ETH_NODE_URL: The Ethereum Node URL to connect to the Ethereum blockchain, it can be http/ws.TRUFFLE_MNEMONIC: The truffle mnemonic string containing the 12 keywords.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY: The Ether Scan API Key to verify the contracts after the deployment.DEBUG_CONTRACT_VERIFICATION: Debug the Ether Scan contract verification calls (true|false).COUPON_CREATOR_ADDR: The public eth (0x...) address of the creator of the onboarding coupons.ERC20_TOKEN_NAME: The ERC20 Token Name used by the ERC20 Token Extension.ERC20_TOKEN_SYMBOL: Token Symbol used by the ERC20 Token Extension.ERC20_TOKEN_DECIMALS: The ERC20 Token Decimals to display in MetaMask.OFFCHAIN_ADMIN_ADDR: The address of the admin account that manages the offchain voting adapter.VOTING_PERIOD_SECONDS: The maximum amount of time in seconds that members are allowed vote on proposals.GRACE_PERIOD_SECONDS: The minimum time in seconds after the voting period has ended, that the members need to wait before processing a proposal.DAO_ARTIFACTS_OWNER_ADDR: The owner address of the artifacts deployed. Leave it empty to if you want to use theDAO_OWNER_ADDRas the artifacts owner.DAO_ARTIFACTS_CONTRACT_ADDR: TheDaoArtifactscontract address that will be used in the deployment script to fetch Adapters and Factories during the deployment to save gas costs.
Checkout the sample .env file.
Required env vars per deployment type
-
Ganache deployment:
DAO_NAME,DAO_OWNER_ADDR,ERC20_TOKEN_NAME,ERC20_TOKEN_SYMBOL,ERC20_TOKEN_DECIMALS,COUPON_CREATOR_ADDR. -
Test deployment:
DAO_NAME,ERC20_TOKEN_NAME,ERC20_TOKEN_SYMBOL,ERC20_TOKEN_DECIMALS. -
Rinkeby deployment:
DAO_NAME,DAO_OWNER_ADDR,ERC20_TOKEN_NAME,ERC20_TOKEN_SYMBOL,ERC20_TOKEN_DECIMALS,COUPON_CREATOR_ADDR,ETH_NODE_URL. -
Mainnet deployment:
DAO_NAME,DAO_OWNER_ADDR,ERC20_TOKEN_NAME,ERC20_TOKEN_SYMBOL,ERC20_TOKEN_DECIMALS,COUPON_CREATOR_ADDR,OFFCHAIN_ADMIN_ADDR,VOTING_PERIOD_SECONDS,GRACE_PERIOD_SECONDS,ETH_NODE_URL.
This project uses truffle. To compile the contracts, run:
npm run compile
This project uses truffle and you'll need to compile the contracts prior to running tests. To run the tests, simply run:
npm run test
To fix the Solidity code and documentation with the linter hints, simply run:
npm run lint:fix
...
npm run ganache
npm run deploy:ganache
or
npm run deploy:rinkeby
To verify the contract using Etherscan you need to create an API key and update the .env file with your API key. Then execute the following script:
npm run verify rinkeby
- Checkout
masterand pull the latest - Locally run
npm run release - Choose a new semver version number
- In the background the following will now happen:
- the
package.jsonversion will be bumped - a new Git tag created
- version bump and tag pushed to
master - GitHub Release page will open, set the release name, edit the changelog if needed, and publish
publish.yamlwill execute (due to the new release tag) to publish the new package version to the NPM registry.
- the
- Done!
Tribute exists thanks to its contributors. There are many ways you can participate and help build high quality software. Check out the contribution guide!
THANK YOU to all coders, designers, auditors, and any individual who have contributed with ideas, resources, and energy to this and previous versions of this project. Thank You Note.
Tribute is released under the MIT License.