My solutions to Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces
open read write close fsync: Flushes the modified file that is in cache pages to reach the disk. The function blocks and returns when the transfer has completed. Note: If the file is new, it is possible that the new entry in the directory does not reach the disk. So, it has to be called a second time on the directory's file descriptor to ensure the persistence of the file. ref: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fsync.2.html
strace: trace the syscalls made by a program Usage: strace strace ls strace ls -l Notes: stat: syscall gives information about a file statx: same as stat by extended information (as the man page said)