OpenFOAM-6 code to model particle-wall rebound damping due to lubrication forces.
The coefficient of restitution (velocity after collision/velocity before collision), varies with a sigmoid as the Stokes number increases, as given by Legendre et al. (2005).
In our paper (Williams et al., 2022), we used this to mimic aerosol deposition in a patient respiratory tract, as we treat the lubrication film as acting in a similar way as the mucus layer in a human airway. Therefore, the material properties used in our example below are representative of this case.
The library can be linked to the MPPIC solver at run-time by adding the following to the controlDict
libs
(
"libLocalInteractionModelHW.so"
);The Stokes wall condition can then be applied using the patchInteractionModel subclass:
patchInteractionModel localInteractionHW;
localInteractionHWCoeffs
{
patches
(
walls
{
type rebound;
e 0.92; /* Coefficient of restitution for particle-dry wall collision */
mu 0.35; /* Particle sliding friction coefficient */
rhoF 1000.; /* Density of lubrication film */
muP 0.056; /* Viscosity of lubrication film */
coeffStc 35.; /* Critical Stokes number from Legendre et al. */
eCutoffLog -3.6; /* Cutoff Stokes number for 'sticking' condition to be applied (corresponds to St = 10) */
}
"inlet|outlet"
{
type escape;
}
);
}
If you use this, please cite our implementation as well as the studies by Legendre et al. as follows
@article{williams2022effect,
title={Effect of patient inhalation profile and airway structure on drug deposition in image-based models with particle-particle interactions},
author={Williams, Josh and Kolehmainen, Jari and Cunningham, Steve and Ozel, Ali and Wolfram, Uwe},
journal={International Journal of Pharmaceutics},
volume={612},
pages={121321},
year={2022},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{legendre2005experimental,
title={Experimental study of a drop bouncing on a wall in a liquid},
author={Legendre, Dominique and Daniel, Claude and Guiraud, Pascal},
journal={Physics of Fluids},
volume={17},
number={9},
pages={097105},
year={2005},
publisher={American Institute of Physics}
}
@article{legendre2006note,
title={A note on the modelling of the bouncing of spherical drops or solid spheres on a wall in viscous fluid},
author={Legendre, Dominique and Zenit, Roberto and Daniel, Claude and Guiraud, Pascal},
journal={Chemical engineering science},
volume={61},
number={11},
pages={3543--3549},
year={2006},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Legendre, D., Daniel, C. and Guiraud, P., 2005. Experimental study of a drop bouncing on a wall in a liquid. Physics of Fluids, 17(9), p.097105.
Legendre, D., Zenit, R., Daniel, C. and Guiraud, P., 2006. A note on the modelling of the bouncing of spherical drops or solid spheres on a wall in viscous fluid. Chemical engineering science, 61(11), pp.3543-3549.
Williams, J., Kolehmainen, J., Cunningham, S., Ozel, A. and Wolfram, U., 2022. Effect of patient inhalation profile and airway structure on drug deposition in image-based models with particle-particle interactions. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 612, p.121321.