This repository contains the code for the experiments included in the paper Linear Adversarial Concept Erasure, accepted in ICML 2022. In the paper, we formulate the problem of identifying and neutralizing concept subspaces -- linear subspaces within the representation space that capture a given concept, such as gender.

To cite:

@inproceedings{ravfogel2022linear,
  title={Linear Adversarial Concept Erasure},
  author={Ravfogel, Shauli and Twiton, Michael and Goldberg, Yoav and Cotterell, Ryan D},
  booktitle={International Conference on Machine Learning},
  pages={18400--18421},
  year={2022},
  organization={PMLR}
}

Algorithm

the file rlace.py contains an implementation of Relaxed Linear Adversarial Concept Erasure (R-LACE). Given a dataset X of dense representations and labels z for some concept (e.g. gender), the method identifies a rank-k subsapce whose neutralization (suing an othogonal projection matrix) prevents linear classifiers from recovering the concept from the representations.

The method relies on a relaxed and constrained version of a minimax game between a predictor that aims to predict z and a projection matrix P that is optimized to prevent the prediction.

How to run

A simple running example is provided within rlace.py.

Parameters

The main method, solve_adv_game, receives several arguments, among them:

rank: the rank of the neutralized subspace. rank=1 is emperically enough to prevent linear prediction in binary classification problem.
epsilon: stopping criterion for the adversarial game. Stops if abs(acc - majority_acc) < epsilon.
optimizer_class: torch.optim optimizer
optimizer_params_predictor / optimizer_params_P: parameters for the optimziers of the predictor and the projection matrix, respectively.

Running example:

num_iters = 50000
rank=1
optimizer_class = torch.optim.SGD
optimizer_params_P = {"lr": 0.003, "weight_decay": 1e-4}
optimizer_params_predictor = {"lr": 0.003,"weight_decay": 1e-4}
epsilon = 0.001 # stop 0.1% from majority acc
batch_size = 256

output = solve_adv_game(X_train, y_train, X_dev, y_dev, rank=rank, device="cpu", out_iters=num_iters,
                       optimizer_class=optimizer_class, optimizer_params_P =optimizer_params_P,
                       optimizer_params_predictor=optimizer_params_predictor, epsilon=epsilon,batch_size=batch_size)

Optimization: Even though we run a concave-convex minimax game, which is generallly "well-behaved", optimziation with alternate SGD is still not completely straightforward, and may require some tuning of the optimizers. Accuracy is also not expected to monotonously decrease in optimization; we return the projection matrix which performed best along the entire game. In all experiments on binary classification problems, we identified a projection matrix that neutralizes a rank-1 subspace and decreases classification accuracy to near-random (50%).

Using the projection:

output that is returned from solve_adv_game is a dictionary, that contains the following keys:

score: final accuracy of the predictor on the projected data.
P_before_svd: the final approximate projection matrix, before SVD that guarantees it's a proper orthogonal projection matrix.
P: a proper orthogonal matrix that neutralizes a rank-k subspace.

The ``clean" vectors are given by X.dot(output["P"]).

Experiments

The directories glove and bios contain the experiments on neutralization gender information form GloVe embeddings and from BERT representations of the Bias in Bios dataset, respectively.

To run:

python3 glove/run_glove.py 
sh bios/finetune.sh
sh bios/run_rlace.sh

And then run the analysis notebooks to replicate the experiments reported in the paper.

Data and Models

The datasets used in the experiments, as well as the trained models and projection matrices, are available here.