Cuprite is a pure Ruby driver (read as no Java/Selenium/WebDriver/ChromeDriver requirement) for Capybara. It allows you to run your Capybara tests on a headless Chrome or Chromium by CDP protocol. Under the hood it uses Ferrum which is high-level API to the browser again by CDP protocol.
The emphasis was made on raw CDP protocol because Headless Chrome allows you to do so many things that are barely supported by WebDriver because it should have consistent design with other browsers. The design of the driver will be as close to Poltergeist as possible though it's not a goal.
Add these lines to your Gemfile
and run bundle install
.
gem "cuprite", group: :test
In your test setup add:
require "capybara/cuprite"
Capybara.javascript_driver = :cuprite
Capybara.register_driver(:cuprite) do |app|
Capybara::Cuprite::Driver.new(app, window_size: [1200, 800])
end
If you already had tests on Poltergeist then it should simply work, for Selenium
you better check your code for .manage
calls because things are much easier
with Cuprite, see the documentation below.
There's no official Chrome or Chromium package for Linux don't install it this
way because it either will be outdated or unofficial, both are bad. Download it
from official source.
Chrome binary should be in the PATH
or BROWSER_PATH
or you can pass it as an
option
You can customize options with the following code in your test setup:
Capybara.register_driver(:cuprite) do |app|
Capybara::Cuprite::Driver.new(app, options)
end
In docker as root you must pass the no-sandbox browser option:
Capybara::Cuprite::Driver.new(app, browser_options: { 'no-sandbox': nil })
- options
Hash
:browser_path
(String) - Path to chrome binary, you can also set ENV variable asBROWSER_PATH=some/path/chrome bundle exec rspec
.:headless
(Boolean) - Set browser as headless or not,true
by default.:slowmo
(Integer | Float) - Set a delay to wait before sending command. Usefull companion of headless option, so that you have time to see changes.:logger
(Object responding toputs
) - When present, debug output is written to this object.:timeout
(Numeric) - The number of seconds we'll wait for a response when communicating with browser. Default is 5.:js_errors
(Boolean) - When true, JavaScript errors get re-raised in Ruby.:window_size
(Array) - The dimensions of the browser window in which to test, expressed as a 2-element array, e.g. [1024, 768]. Default: [1024, 768]:browser_options
(Hash) - Additional command line options, see them all e.g.{ "ignore-certificate-errors" => nil }
:extensions
(Array) - An array of JS files to be preloaded into the browser:port
(Integer) - Remote debugging port for headless Chrome:host
(String) - Remote debugging address for headless Chrome:url
(String) - URL for a running instance of Chrome. If this is set, a browser process will not be spawned.:url_blacklist
(Array) - array of strings to match against requested URLs:url_whitelist
(Array) - array of strings to match against requested URLs:process_timeout
(Integer) - How long to wait for the Chrome process to respond on startup
page.driver.click(x, y)
Click a very specific area of the screen.page.driver.scroll_to(left, top)
Scroll to given position.element.send_keys(*keys)
Send keys to given node.
Manipulate HTTP request headers like a boss:
page.driver.headers # => {}
page.driver.headers = { "User-Agent" => "Cuprite" }
page.driver.add_headers("Referer" => "https://example.com")
page.driver.headers # => { "User-Agent" => "Cuprite", "Referer" => "https://example.com" }
Notice that headers=
will overwrite already set headers. You should use
add_headers
if you want to add a few more. These headers will apply to all
subsequent HTTP requests (including requests for assets, AJAX, etc). They will
be automatically cleared at the end of the test.
page.driver.network_traffic
Inspect network traffic (resources have been loaded) on the current page. This returns an array of request objects.
page.driver.network_traffic # => [Request, ...]
request = page.driver.network_traffic.first
request.response
Please note that network traffic is not cleared when you visit new page. You can
manually clear the network traffic by calling page.driver.clear_network_traffic
or page.driver.reset
The following methods are used to inspect and manipulate cookies:
page.driver.cookies
- a hash of cookies accessible to the current page. The keys are cookie names. The values areCookie
objects, with the following methods:name
,value
,domain
,path
,size
,secure?
,httponly?
,session?
,expires
.page.driver.set_cookie(name, value, options = {})
- set a cookie. The options hash can take the following keys::domain
,:path
,:secure
,:httponly
,:expires
.:expires
should be aTime
object.page.driver.remove_cookie(name)
- remove a cookiepage.driver.clear_cookies
- clear all cookies
Besides capybara screenshot method you can get image as Base64:
page.driver.render_base64(format, options)
page.driver.basic_authorize(user, password)
page.driver.set_proxy(ip, port, type, user, password)
Cuprite supports URL blacklisting, which allows you to prevent scripts from running on designated domains:
page.driver.browser.url_blacklist = ["http://www.example.com"]
and also URL whitelisting, which allows scripts to only run on designated domains:
page.driver.browser.url_whitelist = ["http://www.example.com"]
If you are experiencing slower run times, consider creating a URL whitelist of domains that are essential or a blacklist of domains that are not essential, such as ad networks or analytics, to your testing environment.
If you use the inspector: true
option, remote debugging will be enabled. When
this option is enabled, you can insert page.driver.debug
into your tests to
pause the test and launch a browser which gives you the Chrome inspector to view
all your open pages and inspect them.
You can register this debugger driver with a different name and set it as the current javascript driver. By example, in your helper file:
Capybara.register_driver :cuprite_debug do |app|
Capybara::Cuprite::Driver.new(app, inspector: true)
end
Capybara.javascript_driver = :cuprite_debug
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