/terminal-useful-commands

A list of terminal commands, git commands, and anything useful that I usually use.

Terminal Useful Commands

A list of terminal commands, git commands, and anything useful that I usually use.

  • Login to server by using SSH
    $ ssh <username>@<server_ip>

  • Login to server by using SSH on a specific port
    $ ssh <username>@<server_ip> -p <port_ID>

  • (secure) copy files from server to local
    $ scp -P <port_number> <username>@<server_ip>:<file_dir> <local_dir>

  • (secure) copy files from local to server
    $ scp -P <port_number> <file_dir> <username>@<server_ip>:<server_dir>

  • Login to server by using sftp
    $ sftp <username>@<server_ip>

  • Download from server by using sftp
    $ get <file_name>

  • Monitor (NVIDIA) GPU status
    $ nvidia-smi
    $ nvidia-smi -L
    $ nvidia-smi -q -i 0
    $ nvidia-smi -q -i 0 -x
    $ nvidia-smi -l 1

  • Clear the terminal screen
    cmd + K
    ctrl + L

  • Clear everything backwards to beginning of line
    ctrl + U

  • View Trash directory in terminal
    $ cd ~/.Trash

  • Delete all files in this directory
    $ rm -f ./*

  • Make (hard) link (can overwrite but won't show linking location in ls -al)
    $ ln <source_file> <target_file>

  • Make symbolic link (can't overwrite but will show linking location in ls -al)
    $ ln -s <source_file> <target_file>

  • Download files
    $ wget <url>
    $ wget -b <url> (download in the background)

  • Create/Untar tar archive file
    $ tar cvf <filename>.tar <dir_name>
    $ tar xvf <filename>.tar

  • Create/Uncompress gz archive file
    $ gzip <filename>
    $ gunzip <filename>.gz

  • Create/Uncompress tar.gz archive file
    $ tar cvzf <filename>.tar.gz <dir_name>
    $ tar xvf <filename>.tar.gz

  • Print last lines of file(s)
    $ tail <filename>
    $ tail -n <N> <filename> (print last N lines of file)
    $ tail -f <filename> (keep checking and printing new data)

  • Find number of files under a folder
    $ find . -type f | wc -l

  • Search keyword by regular expression
    $ grep <keyword> <file1> <file2> ...
    $ ls <directory> | grep <keyword>
    $ grep -i <keyword> <file> (case not sensitive)
    $ grep -n <keyword> <file> (indicate line number)
    $ grep -v <keyword> <file> (inverse search)
    $ grep -r <keyword> <file> (recursive search)
    $ grep -A <N> <keyword> <file> (show extra N lines after keyword)
    $ grep -B <N> <keyword> <file> (show extra N lines before keyword)
    $ grep -C <N> <keyword> <file> (show extra N lines before and after keyword)

  • Edit file on remote by scp using (m)vim
    $ (m)vim scp://username@hostname:port/path/to/file

  • Mount remote file system to local computer via SSH
    $ sshfs username@remote:/path/to/remote/directory /path/to/local/directory

  • Unmount remote file system
    $ diskutil unmount force /path/to/local/mount/point

git related

  • Add branch
    $ git branch <branch_name>

  • Switch branch
    $ git checkout <branch_name>

  • Add a new remote
    $ git remote add origin <URL>

  • Change URL of an existing remote repo
    $ git set-url --add origin <URL>

  • Rename a repo from both server and local

    1. rename the repo online
    2. rename the filename of the repo locally
    3. $ git remote (will see a remote name)
    4. $ git remote rm <remote_name>
    5. $ git remote add <new_remote_name> <new_url>
    6. $ git branch --set-upstream-to=<new_remote_name>/<branch_name>

  • Show the commit logs
    $ git log (add --oneline for one-line format)

  • Show the changes between Working and Staging
    $ git diff

  • Show the changes between Staging and Repo
    $ git diff --cached

  • Show the changes between two commits
    $ git diff <commit1> <commit2>

  • Show the changes between Working and Repo
    $ git diff HEAD

  • For the remote tracking branches which are deleted, aka the stale branches
    $ git remote prune origin (remove those locally)
    $ git remote prune origin --dry-run (just list them)

conda related

  • Install package
    $ conda install <package_name>

  • Remove package
    $ conda remove <package_name>

  • Install specific verion of Python
    $ conda install python=<python_version>

  • Create an environment with a specific version of Python
    $ conda create -n <environment_name> python=<python_version>

  • Create an environment with a specific version of a package
    $ conda create -n <environment_name> <package_name>=<package_version>
    $ conda install -n <environment_name> <package_name>=<package_version>

  • Create an environment with a specific package
    $ conda create -n <environment_name> <package_name>
    $ conda install -n <environment_name> <package_name> (environment has already existed)

  • Activate an environment $ source activate <environment_name>

  • Deacticate an environment
    $ source deactivate

  • Check pachages in environment
    $ conda list

  • Check all environments
    $ conda env list

  • Remove an environment
    $ conda env remove -n <environment_name>