LispKit is a framework for building Lisp-based extension and scripting languages for macOS applications. LispKit is fully written in the programming language Swift. LispKit implements a core language based on the R7RS (small) Scheme standard. It is extensible, allowing the inclusion of new native libraries written in Swift, of new libraries written in Scheme, as well as custom modifications of the core environment consisting of a compiler, a virtual machine as well as the core libraries.
So far, performance was not a priority in the development of LispKit. The LispKit compiler does not perform many code optimizations and the performance of the system is below state of the art Lisp and Scheme implementations.
LispPad implements a simple, lightweight, integrated development environment for LispKit on macOS with a Cocoa-based UI. A simpler command-line tool with similar functionality is provided by the LispKit framework itself (see below).
LispKit provides support for the following core features, many of which are based on R7RS:
- Modules based on R7RS libraries
- Hygienic macros based on
syntax-rules - First-class environments
call/cc,dynamic-windand exceptions- Dynamically-scoped parameters
- Multiple return values
- Delayed execution via promises and streams
- Support for the full numerical tower consisting of arbitrary size integers, rationals, real numbers, and inexact complex numbers.
- Unicode strings and characters
- Vectors and bytevectors
- Text and binary ports
- R7RS-compliant records
- R6RS-compliant hashtables
- R6RS-compliant enumerations
- All R7RS (small) libraries:
(scheme base),(scheme case-lambda),(scheme char),(scheme complex),(scheme cxr),(scheme eval),(scheme file),(scheme inexact),(scheme lazy),(scheme load),(scheme process-context),(scheme read),(scheme repl),(scheme time) - Some R7RS (large) libraries from
(scheme red):(scheme comparator),(scheme generator),(scheme ideque),(scheme list) - LispKit-specific libraries:
(lispkit box),(lispkit type),(lispkit hashtable),(lispkit test),(lispkit datatype),(lispkit object),(lispkit clos),(lispkit enum),(lispkit logic),(lispkit iteration),(lispkit set),(lispkit stack),(lispkit queue),(lispkit heap),(lispkit wt-tree),(lispkit prettify),(lispkit json),(lispkit draw),(lispkit draw turtle), and(lispkit pdf)
LispKit is incompatible or incomplete with respect to the following R7RS features:
- Lists are immutable. Mutable cons-cells are supported in a way similar to Racket
- Datum comments introduced via
#;do not always work as in other Scheme dialects.
The following SRFI libraries have been ported to LispKit and are included in the framework:
- SRFI 1: List Library
- SRFI 2: AND-LET* - an AND with local bindings, a guarded LET* special form
- SRFI 8: receive - Binding to multiple values
- SRFI 11: Syntax for receiving multiple values
- SRFI 14: Character-set library
- SRFI 16: Syntax for procedures of variable arity
- SRFI 17: Generalized set!
- SRFI 19: Time Data Types and Procedures
- SRFI 23: Error reporting mechanism
- SRFI 27: Sources of Random Bits
- SRFI 28: Basic Format Strings
- SRFI 31: A special form rec for recursive evaluation
- SRFI 34: Exception Handling for Programs
- SRFI 35: Conditions
- SRFI 39: Parameter objects
- SRFI 41: Streams
- SRFI 48: Intermediate Format Strings
- SRFI 51: Handling rest list
- SRFI 63: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Arrays
- SRFI 64: A Scheme API for test suites
- SRFI 69: Basic hash tables
- SRFI 95: Sorting and Merging
- SRFI 111: Boxes
- SRFI 112: Environment inquiry
- SRFI 113: Sets and bags
- SRFI 121: Generators
- SRFI 128: Comparators
- SRFI 129: Titlecase procedures
- SRFI 132: Sort Libraries
- SRFI 133: Vector Library
- SRFI 134: Immutable Deques
- SRFI 135: Immutable Texts
- SRFI 137: Minimal Unique Types
- SRFI 142: Bitwise Operations
- SRFI 145: Assumptions
- SRFI 151: Bitwise Operations
- SRFI 152: String Library
- SRFI 158: Generators and Accumulators
- SRFI 161: Unifiable Boxes
From an architectural perspective, LispKit consists of:
- a compiler translating LispKit expressions into bytecode,
- a virtual machine for interpreting the generated bytecode. The virtual machine is stack-based, handles tail calls and continuations, and provides a garbage collector.
- a large range of libraries, all packaged together with the framework.
Details can be found in the LispKit Wiki.
This project also includes a command-line tool, called the LispKit Shell, for executing LispKit applications in the terminal. It can be used to try out and experiment with the LispKit framework. The command-line tool can also be used interactively as a read-eval-print loop. The read-eval-print loop parses the entered LispKit expression, compiles it to bytecode, executes it, and displays the result.
First, clone the LispKit repository via git. The following command will create a
directory swift-lispkit.
> git clone https://github.com/objecthub/swift-lispkit.git
Cloning into 'swift-lispkit'...
remote: Counting objects: 1849, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (39/39), done.
remote: Total 1849 (delta 9), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1806
Receiving objects: 100% (1849/1849), 689.43 KiB | 666.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1430/1430), done.Fetch dependencies and build them from scratch via carthage:
> cd swift-lispkit
> carthage bootstrap
*** Checking out swift-numberkit at "1.6.0"
*** xcodebuild output can be found in /var/folders/c_/h31lvvtx72s3zhc9bvxd0p480000gn/T/carthage-xcodebuild.46W8Z7.log
*** Building scheme "NumberKit (shared)" in NumberKit.xcodeprojNow, it's possible to switch to Xcode and build the command-line tool via
scheme LispKitRepl:
> open LispKit.xcodeprojA debug binary can be built in the following way:
> cd swift-lispkit
> swift build -Xswiftc "-target" -Xswiftc "x86_64-apple-macosx10.12" \
-Xswiftc "-D" -Xswiftc "SPM"
Compile Swift Module 'NumberKit' (6 sources)
Compile Swift Module 'CommandLineKit' (15 sources)
Compile Swift Module 'LispKit' (83 sources)
Compile Swift Module 'LispKitRepl' (2 sources)
Linking ./.build/x86_64-apple-macosx10.10/debug/LispKitReplA release binary can be built like this:
> cd swift-lispkit
> swift build -c release -Xswiftc -static-stdlib -Xswiftc "-target" \
-Xswiftc "x86_64-apple-macosx10.12" -Xswiftc "-D" -Xswiftc "SPM"
Compile Swift Module 'NumberKit' (6 sources)
Compile Swift Module 'CommandLineKit' (15 sources)
Compile Swift Module 'LispKit' (83 sources)
Compile Swift Module 'LispKitRepl' (2 sources)
Linking ./.build/x86_64-apple-macosx10.10/release/LispKitReplThe following technologies are needed to build the components of the LispKit framework. For the command-line tool, Xcode and Carthage are not strictly needed. Just for compiling the framework and trying the command-line tool in Xcode, the Swift Package Manager is not needed.