uva library workshop on introduction to python
- Data Scientist with the Data Science Institute
- I like to be interrupted with questions! Please jump right in.
- Get python running
- Get comfortable with python
- Learn how to look up help
- Strings and Functions
- Data types
- Loops
- Logic
- How to import (aka the most important part)
Today we are working on python. However there is some knowledge of programming that is required. Don't worry if you don't know it, please ask questions. I will do my best to answer them. And I will also do my best to indicate when something is a python specific detail and when it is a programming in general item.
- Designed by Guido van Rossum
- version 1.0 1994
- version 2.0 2000
- version 3.0 2008 (not widely adopted until a few years ago)
- logo
- anaconda logo
- open spyder it looks like this
- text editor
- variable explorer
- console
- control icons
- A string is a 'string' of characters
- 'apple' # letters
- 'blue42' # letters and numbers
- 'i am the very model of a modern major general' # spaces are fine
- '7 hills' # it can even start with a number
We also introduce comments here, the computer will ignore everything after the '#' symbol. There are other forms but we'll see them later on.
You can "save" things as variables. For those curious as to what's going on under the hood...in python a variable is actually just a pointer to the location in memory where the object lives.
-
a = 'apple'
- a is the variable
- = is the assignment operator
- 'apple' (a string) is the object assigned to a
-
Important Note: the assignment operator is not like an equals sign
- a=5
- a=7
- totally works, a was just reassigned to point to 7
- print(a) # this function will show us what a points to
- we know that print is a function because there is no space between print and the "("
- format of a function: name(arguments)
- we say we "call" a function
- this is super important in python the way to spot a function is no space before a "(" and a letter or number
- python built-in functions
- print(...)
- type(...)
- pow(...)
- in an equation you may see 5*(2+3), you won't seet 5(2+3) (try it and see what happens)
- for objects with an order you can access individual elements
- indexing
- you can also pull out slices
- syntax [X:Y]
- starting at X
- upto but not including Y
- syntax [X:Y]
- represented like functions but with [...]
- there is an order to the items
- the items can be of any type
- represented like lits but with {...}
- there is no order to items
- items contain two pieces: a key and a value represented key:value and the key must be a string
-
for loop
- for X in Y: << code >>
- X is a new variable created on the spot
- Y is some preexisting iterable
- << code >> is a block of code you want to repeat
- eg: for x in range(10): print(x)
- for X in Y: << code >>
-
while loop
- while Z: << code >>
- Z is a boolean
- << code >> is a block of code you want to repeat
- eg: while i<10: print i; i+=1
- while Z: << code >>
- example
- if X: << code A >>
- else: << code B >>
- X is a boolean
- << code A >> is some code
- << code B >> is some code, could be the same
- This is the most important topic
- The import command let's you bring in code from another file and use it
- one example: random number generation
- import numpy
- numpy.random.randn()
- There are two steps info on conda info on pip
- install the module, eg: shell]$ conda install numpy
- python>>> import numpy
It's a matter of modularity. Programs are designed to be modular and work with other programs. Scripts are designed to be single use.
- Write some code
- Ask a friend to review it
- Beginning
- Flip a coin (~10 lines)
- Play rock, paper, scissors (~25 lines)
- Intermediate
- Guess a secret number between 1 and 10. With hints. (~20 lines)
- Dice rolling program
- Expert
- Play blackjack
- Play roulette