NAME
pg_format - PostgreSQL SQL syntax beautifier
DESCRIPTION
This SQL formatter/beautifier supports keywords from SQL-92, SQL-99,
SQL-2003, SQL-2008, SQL-2011 and PostgreSQL specifics keywords. Works
with any other databases too.
pgFormatter can work as a console program or as a CGI. It will
automatically detect its environment and format output as text or as
HTML following the context.
Keywords highlighting will only be available in CGI context.
Terminal/console execution
Usage: pg_format [options] file.sql
PostgreSQL SQL queries and PL/PGSQL code beautifier.
Arguments:
file.sql can be a file, multiple files or use - to read query from stdin.
Returning the SQL formatted to stdout or into a file specified with
the -o | --output option.
Options:
-a | --anonymize : obscure all literals in queries, useful to hide
confidential data before formatting.
-b | --comma-start : in a parameters list, start with the comma (see -e)
-B | --comma-break : in insert statement, add a newline after each comma.
-c | --config FILE : use a configuration file. Default is to use local
file .pg_format or ~/.pg_format if they exists.
-C | --wrap-comment : with --wrap-limit, apply reformatting to comments.
-d | --debug : enable debug mode. Disabled by default.
-e | --comma-end : in a parameters list, end with the comma (default)
-f | --function-case N: Change the case of the reserved keyword. Default is
unchanged: 0. Values: 0=>unchanged, 1=>lowercase,
2=>uppercase, 3=>capitalize.
-F | --format STR : output format: text or html. Default: text.
-g | --nogrouping : add a newline between statements in transaction
regroupement. Default is to group statements.
-h | --help : show this message and exit.
-i | --inplace : override input files with formatted content.
-k | --keep-newline : preserve empty line in plpgsql code.
-L | --no-extra-line : do not add an extra empty line at end of the output.
-m | --maxlength SIZE : maximum length of a query, it will be cutted above
the given size. Default: no truncate.
-M | --multiline : enable multi-line search for -p or --placeholder.
-n | --nocomment : remove any comment from SQL code.
-N | --numbering : statement numbering as a comment before each query.
-o | --output file : define the filename for the output. Default: stdout.
-p | --placeholder RE : set regex to find code that must not be changed.
-r | --redshift : add RedShift keyworks to the list of SQL keyworks.
-s | --spaces size : change space indent, default 4 spaces.
-S | --separator STR : dynamic code separator, default to single quote.
-t | --format-type : try another formatting type for some statements.
-T | --tabs : use tabs instead of space characters, when used
spaces is set to 1 whatever is the value set to -s.
-u | --keyword-case N : Change the case of the reserved keyword. Default is
uppercase: 2. Values: 0=>unchanged, 1=>lowercase,
2=>uppercase, 3=>capitalize.
-U | --type-case N : Change the case of the data type name. Default is
lowercase: 1. Values: 0=>unchanged, 1=>lowercase,
2=>uppercase, 3=>capitalize.
-v | --version : show pg_format version and exit.
-w | --wrap-limit N : wrap queries at a certain length.
-W | --wrap-after N : number of column after which lists must be wrapped.
Default: puts every item on its own line.
-X | --no-rcfile : do not read ~/.pg_format automatically. The
--config / -c option overrides it.
--extra-function FILE : file containing a list of function to use the same
formatting as PostgreSQL internal function.
Examples:
cat samples/ex1.sql | pg_format -
pg_format -n samples/ex1.sql
pg_format -f 2 -n -o result.sql samples/ex1.sql
CGI context
Install pg_format into your cgi-bin folder, grant execution on it as a
CGI script (maybe you should add the .cgi extension) and get it from
your favorite browser. Copy files logo_pgformatter.png and
icon_pgformatter.ico in the CGI directory, pg_format.cgi look for them
in the same repository.
You have a live example without limitation than ten thousand characters
in your SQL query here:
http://sqlformat.darold.net/
pg_format will automatically detected that it is running in a CGI
environment and will output all html code needed to run an online code
formatter site. There's nothing more to do.
You need to install Perl CGI module first if it is not already the case:
yum install perl-cgi
or
apt-get install libcgi-pm-perl
following your distribution.
INSTALLATION
version=5.3 #please use the latest release version from github
wget https://github.com/darold/pgFormatter/archive/refs/tags/v${version}.tar.gz
tar xzf v${version}.tar.gz
cd pgFormatter-${version}/
perl Makefile.PL
make && sudo make install
cd ../ && rm -rf v${version}.tar.gz && rm -rf pgFormatter-${version}
This will copy the Perl script pg_format in /usr/local/bin/pg_format
directory by default and the man page into
/usr/local/share/man/man1/pg_format.1. Those are the default
installation directory for 'site' install.
If you want to install all under /usr/ location, use INSTALLDIRS='perl'
as argument of Makefile.PL. The script will be installed into
/usr/bin/pg_format and the manpage into /usr/share/man/man1/pg_format.1.
For example, to install everything just like Debian does, proceed as
follow:
perl Makefile.PL INSTALLDIRS=vendor
By default INSTALLDIRS is set to site.
Regression tests can be executed with the following command:
make test
If you have docker installed you can build a pgFormatter image using:
docker build -t darold.net/pgformatter .
then just use it as
cat file.sql | docker run --rm -a stdin -a stdout -i darold.net/pgformatter -
SPECIAL FORMATTING
Option -W, --wrap-after
This option can be used to set number of column after which lists must
be wrapped. By default pgFormatter puts every item on its own line. This
format applies to SELECT and FROM list. For example the following query:
SELECT a, b, c, d FROM t_1, t_2, t3 WHERE a = 10 AND b = 10;
will be formatted into with -W 4:
SELECT a, b, c, d
FROM t_1, t_2, t3
WHERE a = 10
AND b = 10;
Note this formatting doesn't fits well with sub queries in list.
Option -w, --wrap-limit
This option wraps queries at a certain length whatever is the part of
the query at the limit unless it is a comment. For example if the limit
is reach in a text constant the text will be wrapped. Indentation is not
included in the character count. This option is applied in all cases
even if other options are used.
Option -C, --wrap-comment
This option wraps comments at the length defined by -w, --wrap-limit
whatever is the part of the comment. Indentation is not included in the
character count.
Option -t, --format-type
This option activate an alternative formatting that adds:
* newline in procedure/function parameter list
* new line in PUBLICATION and POLICY DDL
* keep enumeration in GROUP BY clause on a single line
Expect this list grow following alternative thoughts.
Option -g, --no-grouping
By default pgFormatter groups all statements when they are in a
transaction:
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 'text 1');
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (2, 'text 2');
...
COMMIT;
By disabling grouping of statement pgFormatter will always add an extra
newline characters between statements just like outside a transaction:
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, 'text 1');
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (2, 'text 2');
...
COMMIT;
This might add readability to not DML transactions.
Option -L, --no-extra-line
By default pgFormatter always adds an empty line after the end of a
statement when it is terminated by a ; except in a plpgsql code block.
If the extra empty line at end of the output is useless, you can remove
it by adding this option to the command line.
Option --extra-function
pgFormatter applies some formatting to the PostgreSQL internal functions
call but it can not detect user defined function. It is possible to
defined a list of functions into a file (one function name per line) and
give it to pgFormatter through the --extra-function option that will be
formatter as PostgreSQL internal functions.
HINTS
Configuration
If the default settings of pg_format doesn't fit all your needs you can
customize the behavior of pg_format by using a configuration file
instead of repeating the command line option. By default pgFormatter
look for file ~/.pg_format but you can choose an alternate configuration
file using command line option -c | --config
To customize the CGI pg_format.cgi look for a configuration file named
pg_format.conf in the same directory as the CGI script.
For a sample configuration file see doc/pg_format.conf.sample
To prevent pg_format to look at ~/.pg_format file you can use the
command line option -X | --no-rcfile
Formatting from stdin
You can execute pg_format without any argument or - to give the SQL code
to format through stdin.
If you use the interactive mode you have to type `ctrl+d` after typing
your SQL statement to format to end the typing.
$ pg_format
select * from customers;
< ctrl+d >
You can use stdin in a one liner as follow:
echo "select * from customers;" | pg_format
Formatting from VI
With pgFormatter, you can just add the following line to your ~/.vimrc
file:
au FileType sql setl formatprg=/usr/local/bin/pg_format\ -
This lets your gq commands use pgFormatter automagically. For example if
you are on the first line, typing:
ESC+gq+G
will format the entire file.
ESC+gq+2j
will format the next two line.
Thanks to David Fetter for the hint.
There is also the (Neo)vim plugin for formatting code for many file
types that support pg_format to format SQL file type. Thanks to Anders
Riutta for the patch to (Neo)vim.
Formatting from Atom
If you use atom as your favorite editor you can install the pg-formatter
package which is a Node.js wrapper of pgFormatter.
Features:
* Format selected text or a whole file via keyboard shortcut or command.
* Format SQL files on save.
Installation:
Search for pg-formatter in Atom UI or get it via command line:
apm install pg-formatter
Usage:
Hit Ctrl-Alt-F to format selected text (or a whole file) or define your
shortcut:
'ctrl-alt-p': 'pg-formatter:format'
Also, you can automatically format SQL files on save (disabled by
default).
You can download the package from url:
https://atom.io/packages/pg-formatter
the sources are available at https://github.com/gajus/pg-formatter
Thanks to Alex Fedoseev for the atom package.
Formatting from Visual Studio
Thanks to Brady Holt a Visual Studio Code extension is available to
formats PostgresSQL SQL using pgFormatter.
https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=bradymholt.pgformatter
For installation and use have a look at URL above.
Prevent replacing code snippets
Using -p or --placeholder command line option it is possible to keep
code untouched by pgFormatter in your SQL queries. For example, in query
like:
SELECT * FROM projects WHERE projectnumber
IN <<internalprojects>> AND username = <<loginname>>;
you may want pgFormatter to not interpret << and >> as bit-shift
keywords and modify your code snippets. You can use a Perl regular
expression to instruct pgFormatter to keep some part of the query
untouched. For example:
pg_format samples/ex9.sql -p '<<(?:.*)?>>'
will not format the bit-shift like operators.
If you would like to wrap queries after 60 characters (-w 60) and to
apply that limit to comments as well (-C), then urls in comments may get
wrapped. If you would prefer not to wrap urls, you can use a regular
expression to avoid wrapping urls. For example:
pg_format samples/ex62.sql -C -w 60 -p 'https?:\/\/(www\.)?[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%._\+~#=]{1,256}\.[a-zA-Z0-9()]{1,6}\b([-a-zA-Z0-9()@:%_\+.~#?&//=]*)'
will wrap the queries and the comments, but not the urls.
Prevent dynamic code formatting
By default pgFormatter takes all code between single quote as string
constant and do not perform any formatting on this code. It is common to
use a string as code separator to avoid doubling single quote in dynamic
code generation, in this case pgFormatter can fail to auto detect the
code separator. By default it will search for any string after the
EXECUTE keyword starting with dollar sign. If it can not auto detect
your code separator you can use the command line option -S or
--separator to set the code separator that must be used.
Node.js thin-wrapper
Gajus Kuizinas has written a Node.js wrapper for executing pgFormatter.
You can find it at https://github.com/gajus/pg-formatter
Customize CSS for the CGI output
You can change the HTML style rendered through the default CSS style by
creating a file named custom_css_file.css into the pgFormatter CGI
script directory. The default CSS will be fully overridden by this
custom file content. You have to look at the generated HTML output to
get the default CSS code used.
AUTHORS
pgFormatter is an original work from Gilles Darold with major code
refactoring by Hubert depesz Lubaczewski.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2012-2020 Gilles Darold. All rights reserved.
LICENSE
pgFormatter is free software distributed under the PostgreSQL Licence.
A modified version of the SQL::Beautify Perl Module is embedded in
pgFormatter with copyright (C) 2009 by Jonas Kramer and is published
under the terms of the Artistic License 2.0.
lav-patel/pgFormatter
A PostgreSQL SQL syntax beautifier that can work as a console program or as a CGI. On-line demo site at http://sqlformat.darold.net/
PLpgSQLPostgreSQL