/uonsx-fork

forked version of the nsx library i wrote for display purposes

Primary LanguagePython

uonsx

This module provides both a command-line tool and libraries to help automate NSX-T DFW.

Note: This is a fork of the actual repository taken on Saturday, October 22nd, 2022. I've stripped all ip address information for obscurity.

Important documents

See the migration document for details about our migration process.

See the naming document for naming conventions.

Other Notes

Services

Services for Rules can be either a Service or a Raw-Port-Protocols

If Raw:

  • Service type [ TCP, UDP ]
  • Source Ports [] # blank is ANY
  • Destination Ports [ 22 ]

If Service:

  • Name

Creating a Service

We have two choices, we can create rules with raw ports, which is more straightforward, or we can create Services to house the rules, essentially grouping them. This would be another layer of grouping on top of Security Policies.

  • Name
  • Description
  • Service Entries # list of either other Services or Port-Protocols
    • If Port-Protocol:
      • Name
      • Type [ TCP, UDP ]
      • Source Ports [] # blank is ANY
      • Destination Ports [ 22 ]
    • If Service: # used if you want an aggregate service
      • Name

Quickstart

Summary of useful bits to get you started with the library

Instatiate the main NSX object

server = "nsx_server.example.org"
domain_id = "default"

username = "my_username"
password = "my_secure_password"

nsx = uonsx.NSX(
    server=server,
    domain_id=domain_id,
    username=username,
    password=password,
)

Creating a new NSX Group

The first component in the NSX stack is the Group. The group acts as a dynamic container for virtual machines. The group is associated with a VM tag. There are two types of groups, similar to the two types of Security Policies (described below):

  • Member Group

    • If the group is basically static, and you don't expect to be adding members to it, prefix the name with mem_.
    • When applying tags to systems to modify security posture, you will know to generally avoid mem_ tags unless it's during provisioning.

  • Function Group

    • If the group is a dynamic group that's used by some of the main policies, such as the fn_web-campus policy (associated with group fn_web-campus), prefix the name with fn_.
    • To apply function rules to a system, such as allowing web traffic from campus, you simply have to add the fn_web-campus tag to the system.
    • Since the tags are prefixed with fn_, you know you can safely add these tags without introducing unexpected behavior.

The gist is, if you're tagging systems to adjust security posture, any group that starts with fn_ is designed for systems to be dynamically added, whereas groups with mem_ are probably groups that you don't want your systems to be a part of.

Once we have a lot of our workloads migrated, creating new Function policies will be a fairly rare occurrence. Creating Service groups will happen all the time, as services are created across campus.

Basic

The easiest way is just to create the group, specifying only the name parameter:

test_lcrown1_group = nsx.group.create("mem_lcrown-test")

This will create a new NSX Group object. The only criteria is that the VM must have a tag with the same name as the group. This is what we want most of the time, so it's the easy default.

Advanced

First, we need to create the expression that defines the group We can use the nsx.expression.tag() method for an easy way to get an expression for a given tag name:

expr_tag_test_lcrown = nsx.expression.tag("mem_lcrown-test")

Or, if we need to use some other critera like hostname, we can use the nsx.expression.new() method to specify those options:

expr_tag_test_lcrown = nsx.expression.new(
    member_type="virtualmachine", key="CompupterName", operator="equals", value="is-lcrown-rhel7"
)

Then we can create the group with the expression:

test_lcrown1_group = nsx.group.create(name="mem_lcrown-test", expression=expr_tag_test_lcrown)

We can use multiple Expressions, but it gets a bit more complicated as we have to introduce some logic operators

For example, say we want to add a system to a group, but it needs to be both tagged with "is-managed", as well as being an Ubuntu server:

expr_tag_is_managed = nsx.expression.new(
    member_type="virtualmachine",
    key="tag",
    operator="equals",
    value="fn_is-managed"
)
expr_os_is_ubuntu = nsx.expression.new(
    member_type="virtualmachine",
    key="osname",
    operator="STARTSWITH",
    value="Ubuntu Linux"
)

We can feed those expressions into the create() method, but you MUST separate each expression with an AND or OR:

AND = nsx.expression.AND
# OR = nsx.expression.OR

group = nsx.group.create(name="mem_lcrown-test", expression=[ expr_tag_is_managed, AND, expr_os_is_ubuntu ])

Creating a new Security Policy

By convention, there are two kinds of security policies that we create.

  • Function policies

    • Typically making use of fn_ groups as destinations, these are policies like fn_web-campus (allow all web traffic from the campus IP blocks to anything tagged fn_web-campus), or f5-snat-web-prod (allow all web traffic from production f5 snat pool IPs to anything tagged fn_f5-snat-web-prod).
    • Name starts with fn_ to easily differentiate between member groups.
    • Destinations for rules in a function policy are always fn_ groups.

  • Member policies

    • A list of rules that all apply to a single destination group (tagged mem_).
    • Created when some service needs a more unique configuration than what can be offered by the function policies.
    • For example, you need to allow 8443 from mem_banner-forms-prod to mem_onbase-app. You'd create an mem_banner-forms-prod policy, then add the rule:
      • Source: mem_onbase-app
      • Destination: mem_banner-forms-prod
      • Service: TCP_8443
      • Action: ALLOW
      • Applied To: [mem_onbase-app, mem_banner-forms-prod]

In our case, I'm going to want to add some rules that are unique to my service, so I need to create a new service policy:

test_lcrown_policy = nsx.policy.create(name="mem_lcrown-test")

Adding new rules to an existing Policy

Let's create a new rule on an existing policy.

We can create new rules for the policy with the add_rule() method By default, it will add the rule to the end of the policy. You can specify a sequence_number if you want to insert it between two rules

The source_group and destination_group parameters accept a single NSXGroup object, or a list of NSXGroup objects, or the string "ANY".

If destination_group is empty, it will use the parent group of the policy

The action parameter accepts a string from [ALLOW, REJECT, DROP, JUMP_TO_APPLICATION

The service parameter accepts a service or list of services from the Service objects in NSX. For most function services like HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, or RDP, you can just pass those names in.

You can also pass a raw port-protocol string instead of a service name.

Examples:

TCP_8443              -> TCP, source port any, destination port 8443
UDP_8443              -> UDP, source port any, destination port 8443
TCP_SRC_9000_DST_8443 -> TCP, source port 9000, destination port 844

Let's allow anything that's managed by IS to contact port 8443

is_managed_group = nsx.group.get(name="fn_is-managed")

test_lcrown_policy.add_rule(
    name="8443 from is-managed",
    source_group=is_managed_group,
    service="TCP_8443",
    action="ALLOW",
)

Let's also allow the world to reach port 6789

test_lcrown_policy.add_rule(
    name="6789 from any",
    source_group="ANY",
    service="TCP_6789",
    action="ALLOW",
)

Tagging a Virtual Machine

The last piece we need is to actually tag a system with the specified tag.

Tags should be a 1-to-1 relationship with Groups, so if you apply the fn_web-campus tag to your VM, you should be able to assume that it's going to be a part of the fn_web-campus group. This means that any rules that have a source or destination of fn_web-campus will now affect your system.

To tag a system, get the system with nsx.vm.get() and add a tag to it using the add_tag() method:

lcrown_test_vm = nsx.vm.get("is-lcrown-dev7")

lcrown_test_vm.add_tag("mem_lcrown-test")